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Unit 5
Geology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| catastrophe(s) | a terrible, sudden event |
| erupt (erupted) | to send out rock, lava, and ash in a sudden explosion |
| Geology | the study of the makeup of the earth and the forces and processes that shape and change it |
| observation | the act of paying careful attention to gather information |
| evidence | proof (information and facts) |
| fossil(s) | the preserved remains of things that lived long ago |
| sediment(s) | rock, sand, or dirt that has been carried to a place by water, wind, or natural processes. |
| force(s) | strength, power |
| geologist(s) | a scientist who studies the makeup of the earth and the forces and processes that shape and change it. |
| climate | the average weather conditions of a particular area |
| conclude (concluded) | to decide something or form an opinion based on information you have |
| dense | thick or heavy |
| hypothesis | an idea that has been suggested and may be true but has not yet been proven |
| continental drift | a process in which continents slowly move over time on the surface of the earth |
| basalt | heavy, dense rock formed from cooled, hardened lava |
| magma | melted rock in Earth's mantle |
| lava | red hot-melted rock that has erupted above Earth's crust from deep underground |
| basins | large areas in the earth that are lower than the areas around it |
| plate tectonics | a theory that Earth's crust and the solid top part of the mantle are broken up into sections that fit together but move against each other |
| ocean trench (trenches) | narrow, extremely deep valley formed when the seafloor dips down as one tectonic plate slides under another |
| seismic waves | a surge of energy traveling out from an earthquake's source through the earth |
| eyewitness | a person who has seen something happen and is able to describe it |
| fault | crack in the Earth's crust |
| heave | to move up and down over and over |
| focus | the place in the Earth's crust where huge blocks of rock move along a fault (starting point of earthquake known as the heart) |
| magnitude | an earthquake's strength |
| tsunami | a gigantic wave of seawater caused by an earthquake in oceanic crust |
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