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Physiology Lab Final
Lab Final 2025 College
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| list 2 items that are NOT considered appropriate lab attire | 1. flared sleeves 2. shorts/open toed shoes |
| if carbon and hydrogen share electrons with eachother, what kind of bond will they form? | covalent |
| which subatomic particle has a positive charge | proton |
| neutrons reside in the nucleus of an atom. where do electrons reside? | float out in the outside |
| substances with the pH = 7 are considered | neutral |
| what is the chemical symbol for gold | Au |
| what happens if you forget your safety glasses | you may not participate |
| list the parts of the scientific method in order | 1. observation 2. hypothesis 3. experimentation 4. result |
| an atom has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons. its atomic number is | 6 |
| this organ system allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression | muscular system |
| Lacy broke a glass beaker in the lab. She swept up the broken glass and dumped it in the sharps container. Is this correct? if not what should lacy have done? | No, should have put the glass in the glass container |
| What is the mass number for magnesium | 24 |
| How many protons does magnesium have | 12 |
| How many neutrons does magnesium have? show your work | 24-12=12 |
| Define hypothesis | an educated guess based apon an observation |
| How would Fe become Fe3+ | lose 3 electrons |
| what kind of ion is Fe3+ | cation |
| _________ is a protein that accelerates chemical reactions in the body | catalyst |
| elements are groups of the same ________ | atom |
| what is the function of the lymphatic system | returns fluid back to blood vessels |
| if the pH of a solution decreases from 5.5 to 4.3 what do you think was added | 1.2 hydrogen ions |
| ______ measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution | pH |
| a molecule that reacts with an enzyme is called a | substrate |
| enzymes often have names that end in "____" | -ase |
| a base is a substance that accepts | hydrogen ions |
| pH = 9 is 100x more basic than pH = ____ | 7 |
| Define enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions |
| individuals who lack lactase can be considered | lactose-intolerant |
| acetate buffer has pH = 3. After adding 1 drop of base, what do you expect the pH to measure? | slight increase |
| fatty acids are the building blocks of | lipids |
| lactose would bind to a region in lactase called the | active site |
| pH = 2 is ______ times more acidic than pH = 6 | 10,000x |
| once you form a hypothesis, the next step is to | experiment |
| how does a buffer work to maintain pH | adds or removes Hydrogen ions |
| what did we use to measure the reaction between lactase and lactose | glucose strips |
| this organ system plays an important role in regulating water and electrolyte balance. | urinary |
| list 1 function of carbohydrates | energy storage |
| lactase breaks down lactose into _______ and __________ | galactose and glucose |
| the pH of human blood is | 7.34 |
| what are the products of the reaction between lactase and maltose? | lactase does not react with maltose |
| individuals who are lactose-intolerant cannot break down the sugar lactose. why not? | Their bodies can not break down lactose because their bodies do not produce the enzyme lactase which is needed to digest the lactose. |
| What was the purpose of looking for glucose after letting the sugars react with lactase? | Is so we could see if the lactase enzyme was active and if it was breaking down into glucose and galactose. |
| How does the blood maintain its pH after consuming beverages that are acidic? | by having a blood buffer system where the excess hydrogen ions are neutralized by bicarbonate ions to form carbonic acid. |
| which reagent would you use to test for galactose? | Benedict |
| adding iodine to rice should produce what color? | black |
| if you add a few drops of Biuret reagent to a fried egg, what color do you expect to see? | Purple |
| what color does benedicts reagent turn in the presence of starch? | blue (no reaction) |
| list 2 functions of proteins | structure, transport |
| these lense are located on the nosepiece of the microscope and have variable magnification. | objective lenses |
| what kind of organic molecules are peptides? | proteins |
| list an example of a lipid found in the body | cholesterol |
| what was the purpose of dawn dish soap in the DNA extraction activity? | to break up the cell membrane |
| starch can be classified as what kind of carbohydrate | polysaccharide |
| adding benedicts reagent to sprite soda results in yellow-green color. this indicates that sprite contains ______. | moderate to high amounts of monosaccharides |
| what did we use to precipitate the DNA so we could see it? | ethanol |
| describe 1 way that powerade helped us extract DNA | used as a solution to extract DNA from cheeks |
| carbohydrates are primarily used for | energy |
| the monomer for DNA is | nucleotides |
| DNA is contained in the cells | nucleus |
| is DNA considered polar or nonpolar? | polar |
| a decrease in hydrogen ions would cause the pH to | increase |
| how many electrons fit in shell 2 | 8 |
| an ionic bond is formed when atoms _______ electrons? | gain |
| list the monomers of a triglyceride | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| ______ is a testable and falsifiable prediction for what you expect to happen in an experiment. | hypothesis |
| list 3 similarities all macromolecules share? | 1. they are all built from monomers. 2. they are all organic compounds. 3. are all essential for the process of life. |
| pretzels are a good source of (protein, glucose, starch, lipids?) | starch |
| which reagent would allow detection of the molecules (protein, glucose, starch, lipids) | iodine |
| this organelle contains the enzyme catalase which is used to break down hydrogen peroxide. | peroxisome |
| calculate total magnification when the ocular lens magnification is 5x and objective lens magnification is 40x. | 5 x 40 = 200x |
| what is the function of the golgi apparatus | modifies proteins |
| which part of the microscope can be opened and or closed to control the amount of light passing through the condenser? | iris diaphragm |
| as magnification decreases, the field of view ______ | increases |
| Microscopes cause inversion. what does this mean? | that what you see is upside down and backwards |
| what is the function of the ribosome | synthesis proteins |
| which organelle synthesizes lipids and steroids | smooth er |
| which form of passive transport involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water? | osmosis |
| what is the common name for the objective lens with the 10x magnification | low power |
| what is the proper way to carry a microscope | by the base and arm with 2 hands |
| list the phases of mitosis in order | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| which mitotic phase do chromosomes/chromatids become visible? | prophase |
| which mitotic phase are chromosomes/chromatids being pulled apart? | anaphase |
| what are the products of mitosis | two genetically identical daughter cells |
| what is the cell doing during interphase | DNA synthesis |
| filtration is a type of _______ transport | passive |
| what does iodine test for | starch |
| which reagent do we use to test for glucose | benedicts |
| how is dialysis tubing similar to a cell membrane | its a semipermeable membrane only allowing some in |
| what are 2 factors that affect the rate of diffusion | size, temperature |
| what is one difference between active transport and passive transport | one uses ATP and one doesnt |
| the first phase of an action potential is | depolarization |
| if you place a red blood cell into a hypotonic solution, what will happen to that cell? | lyse (explode) |
| what kind of organic molecule is chromatin? | nucleic acid |
| what is the function of the smooth er | synthesizes lipids and carbs |
| what kind of energy is used in passive transport | kinetic |
| how does Na become Na+ | loses an electron |
| Which ion is critical for beginning an action potential? | sodium ions |
| which ion is critical for passing action potentials to other cells? | calcium ions |
| what hormone does the testes gland secretes? | testosterone |
| what is a hormone that the pancreas gland secretes? | insulin |
| list 1 reflex we tested in lab | plantar reflex |
| _________ are chemical messengers that can result in excitatory or inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. | neurotransmitters |
| action potentials are generated only after the ______ is reached | threshold |
| at the beginning of an action potential, the diffusion of _____ ions into the axon cause the membrane potential to increase. | sodium |
| local potentials are received by the _______ of a neuron | dendrites |
| which type of synapse is most common in our body | chemical |
| this hormone promotes growth and is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland | growth hormone |
| which hormone increases water retention | ADH |
| list 1 hormone secreted by the thyroid | calcitonin |
| the liquid component of blood is called | plasma |
| list 1 blood type | type A |
| what is an example of a bloodborne pathogen | HIV |
| pH measures the concentration of | hydrogen ions |
| which waste container should be used to discard lancets, needles, and syringes? | sharps container |
| list 1 example of a buffer in the body | proteins |
| what kind of digestion occurs in the mouth | both |
| digestive enzymes are responsible for carrying out _______ digestion | chemical |
| what is the difference between pepsinogen and pepsin? | pepsinogen is inactive, and pepsin is active |
| which enzyme digest fats | lipase |
| list 1 enzyme that digests proteins | pepsin |
| the optimal pH for pepsin is | 1-2 |
| the optimal temperature for amylase is | body temperature |
| ______ makes lipids (fats) easier to digest | bile |
| list 1 factor that affects how enzymes react | pH |
| intercalated discs are an example of an _______ synapse | electrical |
| the first phase of an action potential, when the membrane potential increases, is called | depolarization |
| the phase of an action potential when the membrane potential decreases is called | repolarization |
| provide 1 example of a pulse point | radial |
| which organ system transports oxygen and nutrients around the body | cardiovascular |
| list 1 organ that produces digestive enzymes | pancreas |
| how would you define digestion | breaking down molecules for nutrients |
| what does it mean if the heart muscles are experiencing systole? | contraction |
| when the ventricles undergo diastole, this means they are | relaxing |
| the SA node of the heart is commonly referred to as the | pacemaker |
| a persons resting heart rate measures 112bpm. is this normal? | too high |
| which artery is commonly used to measure blood pressure | brachial |
| is pulse higher in arteries or veins | arteries |
| what is a normal blood pressure | 120/80 |
| define auscultation | the sound your able to hear |
| list 1 factor that can cause heart rate to increase | exercise |
| which pulse point did we use to measure our pulse before and after exercise? | radial |
| which portion of the EKG indicates atrial depolarization? | P wave |
| which interval of an EKG can be used to calculate heart rate | R-R interval |
| which portion of an EKG indicates ventricular depolarization? | QRS complex |
| a persons blood pressure measures 116/76. which number represents systolic pressure | 116 |
| a persons blood pressure measures 116/76. which number represents diastolic pressure | 76 |
| action potentials travel down the _______ of a neuron | axon |
| inspiration is the physiological term for | inhalation |
| the functional unit of contraction in muscle cells is the ________ | sacromere |
| what kind of synapse uses neurotransmitters? | chemical |
| simple diffusion involves solutes diffusing _______ their concentration gradient. | with |
Created by:
manselmogilliam24