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Question	Answer
What role does the atomic number play in the periodic table?; Atoms in the periodic table are ordered by increasing atomic number.
Which contributes more to an atom’s mass and to its size?; Protons to mass, electrons to size.
The mass number of an element is:; The sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
The atomic number of an element refers to:; The number of protons.
What are the rows in the Periodic Table called?; Periods.
Elements in the same ________ have similar chemical properties.; Group.
What happens to element properties across a period?; They gradually change.
Relationship between max electrons in a shell and number of elements in a period?; Equal to the max number of electrons in the outermost occupied shell.
Most abundant element on Earth?; Oxygen.
Only stable family of elements?; Noble gases.
Which particles are in the atomic nucleus?; Protons and neutrons.
Nuclei of the same element with different mass numbers are called:; Isotopes.
Which radiation changes mass and atomic number most?; Alpha radiation results in the greatest change in both.
Why don’t protons fly apart in the nucleus?; The strong nuclear force is stronger than electric repulsion.
What does C-14 represent?; Carbon with 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
What nuclear process powers the sun?; Nuclear fusion.
Half-life means:; Time for half the sample to decay.
Complete the decay: C-14 → ? + e⁻ + ν̅; N-14.
Why is lead found in uranium ores?; Uranium decays into lead.
Why do living bones have more C-14 than ancient bones?; Living organisms continuously add new carbon containing C-14.
What is a chemical bond?; A force of attraction between atoms.
Are atoms or molecules the building blocks?; Molecules are made of atoms.
How many atoms in Na₂SO₄?; 7.
How many different elements in C₆H₁₂O₆?; 3.
Why is rusting a chemical change?; Because iron becomes a different substance.
Difference between an element and a compound?; Compounds are made of atoms of different elements.
Which element name is written first in a compound?; The element farther left on the periodic table.
Formula for dihydrogen sulfide?; H₂S.
Electrons in the first and second shells?; 2 in the first, 8 in the second.
Why does fluorine gain only one electron?; It fills its outer shell.
Relationship between unpaired valence electrons and bonds formed?; They are the same.
Which elements form ionic bonds?; Opposite sides of the periodic table (one loses, one gains).
Electronegativity difference in ionic bonds is:; Very different.
Which elements tend to form covalent bonds?; Two elements both wanting to gain electrons.
How many covalent bonds does N₂ have?; 3.
For a strongly covalent bond, electronegativities should be:; The same.
Which is more polar: C–O or C–N?; Carbon–oxygen.
What best describes H–O bonds in water?; Polar covalent.
What does concentration measure? Units?; Quantity of solute per solution; g/L.
Grams of NaCl needed for 15 L of a 3 g/L solution?; 45 g.
Molarity of 2 moles NaCl in 0.5 L solution?; 4 M.
Molecules in 0.5 mol sucrose?; 3.01 × 10²³.
How much water to make a 10 g/L solution using 20 g NaCl?; 1.99 L.
Balanced electrolysis of water equation?; 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂.
Balanced ammonia production?; N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.
Balanced combustion of methane?; CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O.
Balance: Fe + S → Fe₂S₃; 2Fe + 3S → Fe₂S₃.
Why must chemical equations be balanced?; Law of mass conservation.
Breaking/forming chemical bonds involve:; Changes in energy.
First step of most chemical reactions:; Breaking of chemical bonds.

Created by: egortuno

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