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MICHELLE CABRILLAS

Physiology week 7-13

QuestionAnswer
What is the main function of endocrine system? To regulate long-term body processes through hormones that travel in the bloodstream.
How do steroid hormones act on cells? They enter the cell, bind to receptors inside, and activate gene transcription.
How to nonsteroid hormones act? They bind to receptors on the cell membrane and use second-messenger systems.
What hormones does the posterior pituitary release to regulate water balance? ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
What is the main function of growth hormone (GH)? Stimulates tissue growth, protein synthesis, and fat breakdown.
What does T3/T4 regulate? Metabolic rate and energy production.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Raises blood calcium by stimulating bone breakdown and increasing calcium reabsorption in kidneys.
What does aldosterone do? Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in kidneys.
What hormones come from the adrenal medulla? Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the main function of red blood cells? Transport oxygen using hemoglobin.
What are platelets responsible for? Blood clotting.
What is anemia? A condition where oxygen-carrying ability of blood is reduced.
What happens during leukemia? Uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells.
What is the function of the atria? Receive blood returning to the heart.
What heart valve separates the left atrium and ventricle? Mitral (bicuspid) valve.
What starts the heartbeat? The SA (sinoatrial) node.
What is strtoke volume? The amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
What vessels carry blood away from the heart? Arteries
Where does gas exchange occur? Capillaries
What is the systemic circulation? Blood flow from the left heart to the body and back to the right heart.
What determines blood pressure? Cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system? Return excess fluid to the bloodstream and support immune function.
What organ filters lympth? Lymph nodes.
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity? Innate is fast and nonspecific; adaptive is slower but specific and has memory.
What cells produce antibodies? Plasma cells (activated B cells).
What is the main function of the respiratory system? Gas exchange-oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
What structure prevents food from entering the airway? The epiglottis.
What is tidal volume? Air moved in and out during a normal breath.
What controls breathing rate? The medulla oblongata detecting CO2 levels.
What is the function of the stomach? Break down food using acid and enzymes.
What organ produces bile? The liver.
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? The nephron.
What are the tree steps of urine formation? Filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
What ion largely controls extracellular fluid volume? Sodium (Na+).
What is the normal blood pH range? 7.34-7.45
What hormone triggers ovulation? LH (luteinizing hormone)
What is the main function of testosterone? Development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sex characteristics.
Created by: cabrillasm
 

 



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