A rapid electrical change across a neuron's membrane that travels along the axon to transmit a nerve signal.

What role does myelin play in nerve conduction?

Myelin insulates the axon and allows impulses to "jump" between nodes of Ranvier, greatly speeding up signal transmission.

Central Nervous System

The brain and spinal cord; responsible for integrating and processing all incoming and outgoing information.

How does the autonomic nervous system maintaining homeostasis?

It automatically adjusts heart rate, breathing, digestion, and gland activity through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Specialized cells in the retina (rods and cones) that detect light and convert it into electrical signals.

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

To release hormones into the bloodstream that regulate growth. metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses.

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

How do arteries differ from veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure; veins return blood to the heart and have valves to prevent backflow.

A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that returns fluid to the bloodstream and supports immune defense.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

They filter lymph and house immune cells that destroy pathogens before the fluid returns to circulation.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between air and blood.

How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

What is the function of the small intestine in nutrient absorption?

Its villi and microvilli increase surface area, allowing efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream or lymph.

A chemical messenger released by endocrine glands that travels through the blood to regulate target tissues and organs.

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Yveth Gonzalez

Anatomy physiology weeks 7-13

Question/Term	Answer/Definition
Action Potential	A rapid electrical change across a neuron's membrane that travels along the axon to transmit a nerve signal.
What role does myelin play in nerve conduction?	Myelin insulates the axon and allows impulses to "jump" between nodes of Ranvier, greatly speeding up signal transmission.
Central Nervous System	The brain and spinal cord; responsible for integrating and processing all incoming and outgoing information.
How does the autonomic nervous system maintaining homeostasis?	It automatically adjusts heart rate, breathing, digestion, and gland activity through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Photoreceptors	Specialized cells in the retina (rods and cones) that detect light and convert it into electrical signals.
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?	To release hormones into the bloodstream that regulate growth. metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses.
Stroke Volume	The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat.
How do arteries differ from veins?	Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure; veins return blood to the heart and have valves to prevent backflow.
Lymphatic System	A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that returns fluid to the bloodstream and supports immune defense.
What is the function of lymph nodes?	They filter lymph and house immune cells that destroy pathogens before the fluid returns to circulation.
Alveoli	Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between air and blood.
How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?	Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
Peristalsis	Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
What is the function of the small intestine in nutrient absorption?	Its villi and microvilli increase surface area, allowing efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream or lymph.
Hormone	A chemical messenger released by endocrine glands that travels through the blood to regulate target tissues and organs.

Created by: user-1990312

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