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MFrazier
Human Physiology Final Review Modules 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to: | Initiate an action potential |
| The neurotransmitters that inhibit the conduction of pain impulses are: | Enkephalins |
| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | Catecholamines |
| Serotonin is an example of an: | Amine neurotransmitter |
| The outside of a neuron has a ________ charge, while the inside has a ________ charge. | Positive, negative |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately ______ meters per second. | 130 |
| Damage to the _______ nerve could result in diaphragm disfunction. | Phrenic |
| Nerve impulses over the ______ nerve could result in increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | Vagus |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | Hypothalamus |
| Audition is a function of the _______ lobe. | Temporal |
| A somatic reflex is caused by __________, whereas an autonomic reflex is consists of __________ or ____________. | Contraction of skeletal muscles, contraction of smooth/cardiac muscle OR secretions of glands. |
| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the ________. | Medulla |
| Which type of cells secrete ACTH? | Corticotrophs |
| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the: | Crista ampullaris |
| There are at least _____ different prostaglandins. | 16 |
| The olfactory tract carries impulses associated with: | Smell |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called: | Perfusion pressure |
| Which law states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the stronger the contraction? | Starling's law |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called: | Leukopenia |
| Cardia output is determined by: | Stroke volume and heart rate |
| The fetus's heart starts beating around what stage of developement? | 4 weeks |
| The different between systolic and diastolic pressure is called: | Pulse pressure |
| Which vessel doesn't have the ability to constrict or dilate? | Capillaries |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destructions, and blood reservoir? | Spleen |
| What theory postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies? | Clonal selection theory |
| The two most important functions of the lymphatic system are: | Fluid balance and immunity |
| The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called: | Self-tolerance |
| The lymph pressure gradient is established by: | Breathing movements and skeletal muscle contractions |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small articles is called: | Phagocytosis |
| T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _________ immunity, because T-cells __________. | Cell-mediated, attack pathogens directly |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called: | Diapedesis |
| Standard atmospheric pressure is ______ mm Hg. | 760 |
| Which law states that, the partial pressure of gas in a mixture of gasses is directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and to the total pressure of the mixture? | Dalton's Law |
| Which cells that line the respiratory tract move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx? | Ciliated cells |
| About _____% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to _________. | 98.5, hemoglobin |
| Pulmonary ventilation and the exchange of gases between the lung and the blood capillaries in the lung are called: | External respiration |
| Which law states that, the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure at a constant temperature? | Boyle's Law |
| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contain approximately _____% of oxygen? | 20% |
| The exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissue cells is called: | Internal respiration |
| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure, __________ occurs. | Expiration |
| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is: | Secretin |
| The process of swallowing is called: | Deglutition |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: | Protein |
| The substances absorbed into the lymph capilarries are: | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules ________ the GI lumen. | Passively out of |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | Portal vein |
| The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum is called: | Gastric inhibitory peptide |
| Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
Created by:
Mollyrose