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gi gu elimination
foundations exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| collaboration of systems for normal urinary elimination | CV, renal, neuro |
| renal function | filter blood/ waste products, excrete urine; maintain fluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance |
| kidney function | filters fluid, wastes, lytes (electrolytes) |
| ureters function | collect fluids |
| bladder function | holds fluids |
| urethra function | connects to outside |
| components of renal system | kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
| fluid balance has an impact on or is affected by? | GI,, cardiac, pulmonary, renal (GU), skin integrity, mental status |
| fluid balance impact on cardiac function | fluid volume overload can overwork the heart-> heart failure |
| fluid balance impact on lungs | lungs become wet |
| fluid balance impacted by skin integrity | regulates fluid balance through evaporation, edema |
| what does a decrease in Na indicate risk for? | seizures |
| normal Na | 125-135 |
| I and O | intake and output of all fluids |
| How can fluids move in and out? | urine, JP, VACs, Emesis |
| what happens when patient is vomiting? | at risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance |
| what does I and O usually exclude? | feces/ wound drainage on dressing (important if liquid) |
| what to do if I and O doesn't match up | find where fluid is goiong; weight/ edema |
| intake | oral fluids, iv fluids, enteral or parenteral nutrition |
| enteral nutrition | tube in nose-> stomach |
| parenteral nutrition | nutrition goes into IV |
| output | urine, perspiration, respiration, feces and vomit |
| major route of water loss | urine |
| what is urine regulated by? | kidney function and hormones |
| what does perspiration increase with? | fever, exercise |
| is perspiration directly measured? | no |
| respiration | water vapor loss through breathing |
| is respiration directly measured? | no |
| diuretic | increase fluid loss |
| ADH | promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys |
| aldosterone | promotes sodium and water retention |
| ANP | promotes sodium and water excretion |
| what is ANP released by? | heart |
| why is ANP released? | heart stretches due to fluid volume overload: stretch receptors tell kidney to get rid of salt and water follows |
| what is best to track I and O balance? | daily weight on patient with fluid volume overload |
| medical conditions that affect fluid balance | heart failure, kidney disease, liver diseases, burns or trauma, diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus |
| how does heart failure affect fluid balance? | causes fluid retention (edema, pleural/ lung fluid accumulation) |
| how does kidney disease affect fluid balance? | affects filtering and excretion |
| how does liver disease affect fluid balance? | alters protein levels, leading to fluid shifts out of the vascular compartment |
| how do burns or trauma affect fluid balance? | increase fluid loss through damaged skin |
| how does diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus affect fluid balance? | can lead to dehydration from excessive urination |
| medications that affect fluid balance | diuretics, steroids, laxatives or chemotherapy drugs |
| how do steroids affect fluid balance? | cause sodium and water retention |
| how do laxatives or chemotherapy drugs affect fluid balance? | may increase fluid loss |
| 1000cc= how much body weight | 1 kg |
| 1 excess liter of fluid in the body is about... | 2.2 lbs |
| age factors that affect fluid balance: infants | higher percentage of body water and faster turnover- higher risk for imbalance |
| age factors that affect fluid balance: older adults | reduced thirst sensation and kidney efficiency- higher risk for dehydration |
| nutrition affecting fluid balance | high salt diets cause water retention, high protein diets or high sugar diets may increase water needs for metabolism and excretion |
| ICF | fluid inside the cell |
| how much of the body's fluid is in the cell? | 2/3 |
| ECF | fluid outside of cell |
| what is more prone to loss ICF or ECF? | ECF |
| 3 types of ECF | interstitial, intravascular, transcellular |
| interstitial ECF percent | 25% |
| interstitial ECF | fluid around/ between cells |
| intravascular ECF percent | 7% |
| intravascular ECF | plasma- fluid in the vessels |
| transcellular ECF percent | 1% |
| transcellular ECF | CSF, synovial fluid, etc. |
| hydrostatic pressure | pushes water |
| osmotic pressure | pulls water |
| when does third spacing occur? | when too much fluid moves from the intravascular space (blood vessels) into the interstitial or "third space" |
| third spacing | movement of bodily fluid from the blood into the spaces between the cells |
| what problems can third spacing cause? | edema, hypotension and reduced cardiac output |
| third spacing is the accumulation in spaces that normally have... | little or no fluid |
| third spacing is excess fluid in? | interstitial spaces and connective tissue between cells (edema) |
| potential spaces of excess fluid from third spacing | peritoneal cavity, pericardial sac, synovial cavities of joints, alveoli or intra-pleural spaces |
Created by:
camrynfoster