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Week 13

Physiology Review

QuestionAnswer
What causes depolarization during an action potential? Sodium ions (Na⁺) rushing into the neuron.
What brings the neuron back to resting potential after depolarization? Potassium ions (K⁺) leaving the neuron during repolarization.
What is the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)? To integrate and process all incoming and outgoing information.
What structures make up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)? All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? To regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and gland activity.
What are the two divisions of the ANS? Sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and parasympathetic (rest-and-digest).
Which division of the ANS increases heart rate and dilates pupils? The sympathetic division.
What type of receptors detect levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH? Chemoreceptors.
What gland is considered the “master gland” of the endocrine system? The pituitary gland.
What hormone does the adrenal medulla release during stress? Epinephrine (adrenaline).
What is the main function of the lymphatic system? To return excess fluid to the bloodstream and support immune defense.
What cells are responsible for producing antibodies? B cells (plasma cells).
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs? To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.
What drives oxygen into the bloodstream during gas exchange? A higher partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli than in the capillary blood.
What muscle is the primary driver of inhalation? The diaphragm.
Created by: NursejoshRN27!
 

 



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