The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite outside changes.

Negative Feedback Loop

A regulatory process where the body senses a change and works to reverse it back to normal.

A nerve cell specialized for detecting stimuli, conducting impulses, and sending signals to other cells.

A rapid, temporary change in a neuron’s membrane charge that creates a nerve impulse.

A chemical messenger released by neurons to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.

A simple, fast neural pathway that controls an automatic response without needing conscious thought.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles.

The “fight or flight” branch of the ANS that prepares the body for stress.

Parasympathetic Division

The “rest and digest” branch of the ANS that conserves energy and supports routine functions.

A gland that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A chemical signal produced by endocrine glands that regulates processes in the body.

Cells in the retina that detect light and allow vision.

Sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as touch, pressure, or vibration.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.

A clear fluid containing white blood cells that circulates through the lymphatic system.

A foreign molecule that triggers an immune response.

A semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the small intestine.

Small fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

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Study Terms

Term	Definition
Homeostasis	The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite outside changes.
Negative Feedback Loop	A regulatory process where the body senses a change and works to reverse it back to normal.
Neuron	A nerve cell specialized for detecting stimuli, conducting impulses, and sending signals to other cells.
Action Potential	A rapid, temporary change in a neuron’s membrane charge that creates a nerve impulse.
Neurotransmitter	A chemical messenger released by neurons to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Reflex Arc	A simple, fast neural pathway that controls an automatic response without needing conscious thought.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)	The part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)	The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles.
Sympathetic Division	The “fight or flight” branch of the ANS that prepares the body for stress.
Parasympathetic Division	The “rest and digest” branch of the ANS that conserves energy and supports routine functions.
Endocrine Gland	A gland that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Hormone	A chemical signal produced by endocrine glands that regulates processes in the body.
Photoreceptors	Cells in the retina that detect light and allow vision.
Mechanoreceptors	Sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as touch, pressure, or vibration.
Alveoli	Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
Tidal Volume	The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.
Lymph	A clear fluid containing white blood cells that circulates through the lymphatic system.
Antigen	A foreign molecule that triggers an immune response.
Chyme	A semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the small intestine.
Villi	Small fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

Created by: Wille

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