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Stack #4581045
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter – is anything that has mass and takes up space. | |
| Matter is anything that you can see, taste, smell and touch. | |
| Democurtus | |
| Greek philosopher who thought the universe was made up of empty space and tiny bits of stuff. | |
| These tiny bits of stuff he thought could no longer be into smaller pieces | |
| So he called them atoms | |
| Atoms means “ cannot be divided” | |
| Lavoisier | |
| French chemist who showed how matter changes | |
| Wood and fire | |
| Iron and rust | |
| Law of conservation of matter | |
| States that matter is not made or destroyed – it only changes form. | |
| Dalton | |
| Believed that matter was made up of atoms that were too small to see | |
| Each type of matter was made up of the same type of atom | |
| Gold is gold | |
| Iron is iron | |
| JJ Tohmson | |
| Used a cathode ray tube | |
| Sealed on both ends with metal plates at each end | |
| Anode ( positive ), cathode ( negative ) | |
| Rays would travel from the cathode to the anode which he could bend with a magnet. | |
| This showed him that the rays were made of particles that have mass and a charge | |
| Thus resulting in the finding of the electron | |
| Electron – negatively charged particles. | |
| Ernest Rutherford | |
| Used gold foil and bombarded it with alpha particles. | |
| Most of the positively charged alpha particles went through | |
| But some shot back at the device | |
| He concluded that sense most passed through that the atoms were made up of empty space | |
| But sense some particles bounced back he thought the gold atoms contained some positively charged particles | |
| He called this the nucleus | |
| Nucleus- the positively charged central part of the atom | |
| He called the positively charged particles in the nucleus protons | |
| Protons - positive charged particles. | |
| Discovering the neutron | |
| Once the alpha particles had hit the gold foil they seemed to be heavier | |
| James Chadwick | |
| He said the particles are not heavier themselves | |
| But the atoms had given off new particles | |
| He said that these particles were not affected by and electrical field and had no charge he called them neutrons | |
| Neutron – uncharged particles | |
| Niels Bohr | |
| Found that electrons are arranged in energy levels | |
| The lowest energy levels are closest to the nucleus and can only hold two electrons | |
| Highest energy levels are further away from the nucleus and can contain more electrons | |
| Some scientists thought these electrons orbit the nucleus and they had specific distances to orbit around the nucleus | |
| Today we know that electrons have characteristics that are similar to waves and particles | |
| Electrons energy levels are not defined, planet like orbits around the nucleus | |
| They move around in what we call the electron cloud | |
| Its a spherical cloud of varying density | |
| The varying density shows where an electron might be | |
| Atoms with higher energy levels have additional electron clouds of different shapes. | |
| Scientists have continued research on atoms | |
| They have broken down protons and neutrons into even smaller particles called quarks | |
| These particles can combine to make other kinds of tiny particles | |
| 6 types of quarks | |
| Up, down, strange, charmed, top, and bottom | |
| Periodic table | |
| I am Dmitri Mendeleev | |
| I made the Periodic Table | |
| Shows us all known elements in the universe | |
| Organizes the elements by chemical properties | |
| The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom | |
| The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom | |
| The symbol is an abbreviation of the element name | |
| The atomic weight is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. | |
| # of protons = atomic number | |
| # of electrons = atomic number | |
| # of neutrons = atomic weight - atomic number | |
| What is an element | |
| A substance composed of a single kind of atom | |
| Cannot be broken down into another substance chemical or physical means | |
| A compound is a substance in which two or more different elements are chemically bonded together | |
| What is a mixture | |
| Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically bonded | |
Created by:
hawlnoa31