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Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Closely packed particles cause matter to have a definite shape and definite volume | Solid |
| Particles form a regular repeating pattern called crystals | Crystalline solids |
| Particles not arranged in a repeating pattern. Example: Glass, plastic, and rubber | Amorphous solids |
| An inward force, or pull among the molecules in a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together | Surface Tension |
| A liquid's resistance to flowing. Example: Honey has a high viscosity | Viscosity |
| Particles are free to move so a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape | Liquid |
| Particles are able to move and spread out filling all space available, thus gases have no definite shape or definite volume | Gas |
| When the temperature of a gas at a constant pressure is increased the volume is increased, if the temperature is decreased then the volume is decreased. | Charles’s Law |
| As one amount increases, another amount increases at the same rate. | Directly proportional |
| When the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature is increased the volume decreases, if the temperature is decreased then the volume is increased. | Boyle's Law |
| When the value of one variable increases, the other decreases. | Inversely proportional |
| Gas particles constantly collide with one another and the walls of their container. Pressure is the outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container. Pressure= Force/Area. | Pressure |
| The higher the temperature the faster particles move | Temperature |
| When a solid changes into a liquid | Melting |
| The temperature at which a substance melts | Melting point |
| When a liquid changes to a solid | Freezing |
| The temperature when a substance freezes | Freezing point |
| When a liquid changes to a gas | Vaporization |
| Takes place only on the surface of the liquid | Evaporation |
| When vaporization occurs both below the and at the surface | Boiling |
| Temperature at which a liquid boils | Boiling point |
| When a gas changes to a liquid | Condensation |
| When a substance changes straight from a solid to a gas | Sublimation |
| Potential energy related to an object’s height. | Gravitational Potential Energy |
| Power | The rate at which energy is transferred, or the amount of energy transferred in a unit of time. Power= Energy Transferred/Time |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy an object has due to its motion. |
| Potential Energy | The energy an object has because of its position, also the internal stored energy of an object, such as energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Elastic Potential Energy | The energy that can be associated with object’s that can be compressed or stretched. |