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Digestive System

TermDefinition
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) continuous tube running from the mouth to the anus
Oral Cavity the mouth
Pharynx the throat
Epiglottis flap of cartilage that closes over trachea when you swallow
Esophagus muscular tube that pushes food from pharynx to stomach
Stomach muscular, J-shaped organ that stores food and breaks it down with acid
Small Intestine primary site of nutrition absorption
Duodenum first part; receives bile + pancreatic enzymes
Jejunum middle part; absorbs most nutrients
Ileum last part; absorbs remaining nutrients
Cecum first part of large intestine (connects ileum to colon)
Large Intestine (colon) Absorbs water and electrolytes + forms and moves solid waste.
Ascending Colon Travels upward on the right side
Transverse Colon Travels across the abdomen
Descending Colon Travels downward on the left side
SIgmoid Colon S-shaped end section leading to the rectum
Rectum Stores feces until elimination
Anus opening at end of digestive tract where waste leaves the body + controlled by sphincters
Salivary Glands Produce saliva to moisten food and begin carbohydrate digestion
Teeth Break food into smaller pieces
Tongue Helps move food, forms it into a bolus, and contains taste buds
Uvula small soft tissue hanging in the back of the throat + helps with swallowing and speech
Liver Produces bile to help digest fats + also detoxifies blood and stores nutrients
Pancreas Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate + also produces insulin and glucagon
Appendix small tube attached to the cecum + function is minor but may relate to immune health
Sphincters Muscular valves that control the movement of food
Upper Esophageal Opens to allow food from the pharynx into the esophagus
Lower Esophageal Prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus
Pyloric Controls the release of partially digested food from the stomach into the duodenum
Created by: user-1898537
 

 



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