Obsessions are intrusive thoughts. Compulsions are what?

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety

Client reports palpitations and sweating but has PE history. What must be ruled out?

Medical cause mimicking anxiety

Which class treats somatic and psychological anxiety symptoms?

Antianxiety medications (benzodiazepines)

Which medications are NOT effective for panic attacks due to slow onset?

Buspirone and SSRIs (initially)

Client states “I must check the locks 20 times or something bad happens.” This is?

Compulsion with magical thinking

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Question	Answer
Client avoids eye contact and speaks softly. What communication technique should the nurse use?	Active listening
Patient says “My life is empty.” Nurse repeats “Your life is empty?” What technique is this?	Restating
Nurse says “You appear tense.” What technique is being used?	Making an observation
Nurse says “Tell me more…” What technique is this?	Exploring
Nurse asks “What would life look like if the problem disappeared overnight?”	Miracle question
Silence is a therapeutic communication technique.	True
Nurse says “You feel overwhelmed.” What technique is this?	Reflection
Nurse reviews the patient’s chart before the first meeting. What phase is this?	Pre-orientation phase
Nurse establishes confidentiality and the meeting contract. What phase is this?	Orientation phase
Nurse helps the patient build coping skills and identifies stressors. What phase is this?	Working phase
Nurse summarizes progress and prepares the patient for discharge. What phase is this?	Termination phase
Patient relates to the nurse as if the nurse is their parent. What is this?	Transference
Nurse becomes overly invested because patient reminds them of someone. What is this?	Countertransference
Leadership style with minimal direction and maximum freedom.	Laissez-faire
Leadership style with high control and little group input.	Autocratic
Leadership style with shared decision-making and collaboration.	Democratic
A structured, safe environment that supports learning and coping.	Milieu therapy
“You look upset” vs “You feel upset.” What is the difference?	Observation vs reflection
Nurse asks “Has this ever happened before?” What technique?	Encouraging comparison
Nurse says “Good morning, you combed your hair today.” What technique?	Giving recognition
Patient trembling, increased HR, selective attention. What level of anxiety?	Moderate anxiety
Patient pacing, shouting, cannot follow directions. What level of anxiety?	Panic anxiety
Patient focused on one detail, headaches, nausea, trembling. What level of Anxiety?	Severe anxiety
Patient alert, fidgety, increased problem solving. What level?	Mild anxiety
Obsessions are intrusive thoughts. Compulsions are what?	Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety
Client repeatedly washes hands to reduce distress. This is an example of?	Compulsion
Client has persistent unwanted thoughts about contamination. This is?	Obsession
Client with OCD is agitated. What medication might be used briefly?	Benzodiazepines
Which anxiety medication works immediately and is addictive?	Benzodiazepines
Which medication does NOT cause dependence and takes weeks to work?	Buspirone
Which antihistamine is used for anxiety and safe with substance use history?	Hydroxyzine
Which SSRI is calming and often prescribed for anxiety?	Paroxetine
Which anxiety meds should NOT be given to elderly due to fall risk?	Benzodiazepines
Client starts SSRI and anxiety increases at first. Which SSRI commonly does this?	Fluoxetine or Sertraline
Medical conditions like hyperthyroidism can mimic what?	Anxiety disorders
Client reports palpitations and sweating but has PE history. What must be ruled out?	Medical cause mimicking anxiety
True or False: Anxiety can be a symptom of a medical condition.	True
Which class treats somatic and psychological anxiety symptoms?	Antianxiety medications (benzodiazepines)
Which medication class is FIRST LINE for long-term anxiety treatment?	SSRIs
Buspirone is best for which type of anxiety?	Chronic anxiety (GAD)
Which medications are NOT effective for panic attacks due to slow onset?	Buspirone and SSRIs (initially)
Client states “I must check the locks 20 times or something bad happens.” This is?	Compulsion with magical thinking
Hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia are what type of schizophrenia symptoms?	Positive symptoms
Flat affect, avolition, and anhedonia are what type of schizophrenia symptoms?	Negative symptoms
Which symptom cluster is harder to treat: positive or negative?	Negative symptoms
Which symptom cluster is more obvious and urgent negative or positive?	Positive symptoms
Hearing voices with no external stimulus is what?	Auditory hallucination
Seeing animals or people who are not there is what?	Visual hallucination
Believing the TV is talking directly to you is what delusion?	Referential delusion
Believing people are trying to harm you is what delusion?	Persecutory delusion
Believing you are chosen by God or extremely powerful is what delusion?	Grandiose delusion
Believing catastrophe or world destruction is coming is what delusion?	Nihilistic delusion
You see a patient suddenly laugh for no reason. This may indicate what?	Hallucination
Most dangerous hallucination type due to risk of harm?	Command hallucination
Command hallucinations require the nurse to assess what first?	What the voice is saying and if patient will act on it
When a patient copies your movements, what is this called?	Echopraxia
When a patient repeats your words, what is this called?	Echolalia
Patient uses words in a random, meaningless order. What speech pattern is this?	Word salad
Patient jumps rapidly between unrelated ideas. What speech pattern is this?	Flight of ideas
Patient creates a made-up word only they understand. What speech pattern?	Neologism
Patient goes off topic and never returns to the original question. What is this?	Tangentiality
Patient has slowed responses and trouble finishing thoughts. What is this?	Cognitive retardation
Patient believes others are plotting against them. What symptom?	Paranoia
Why is paranoia dangerous in schizophrenia?	Patient may act violently out of fear
Patient holds rigid posture and stops moving. What is this?	Catatonia
Sudden reduction in purposeful movement is what?	Motor retardation
Patient runs or paces rapidly without purpose. What behavior is this?	Motor agitation
Patient cannot resist impulses and acts without thinking. What is this?	Impaired impulse control
Patient stands too close and drinks from someone else’s cup. What is this?	Boundary impairment
Clozapine’s most dangerous side effect involves what cell type?	Neutrophils
Clozapine can cause what life-threatening condition?	Severe neutropenia
ANC below what level defines severe neutropenia?	ANC < 500
Smoking, stimulant use, and alcohol increase the risk of what EPS?	Tardive dyskinesia
Which EPS involves rhythmic involuntary movements after long-term antipsychotics?	Tardive dyskinesia
What EPS is a sudden sustained contraction of neck or face muscles?	Acute dystonia
What EPS involves pacing and inability to sit still?	Akathisia
What EPS mimics Parkinson’s symptoms like tremors and shuffling gait?	Pseudoparkinsonism
Which EPS can become permanent even after stopping medication?	Tardive dyskinesia
Which medication class commonly causes EPS?	First-generation antipsychotics
A patient grinding their teeth with lip-smacking is showing what?	Tardive dyskinesia
A patient urgently pacing the unit and saying “I can’t stop moving.” What is this?	Akathisia
A patient’s head twists suddenly to one side and freezes. What is this?	Acute dystonia
A patient shuffles and has decreased arm swing. What EPS is this?	Pseudoparkinsonism
Which medication class treats severe TD by blocking VMAT2?	VMAT2 inhibitors
Patient says “My friends talk about french fries but how can you trust the French?” What speech disruption is this?	Loose associations
A patient’s thoughts are illogical with poor concentration. What is this?	Associative looseness
Patient repeats the nurse’s last word repeatedly. What speech pattern?	Echolalia
A patient has not slept in 3 days, is euphoric, impulsive, and taking dangerous risks. What is this?	Mania
A patient is upbeat, sleeps less, functions well, and feels more productive. What is this?	Hypomania
What diagnosis requires at least one manic episode?	Bipolar I disorder
What diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode AND one major depressive episode?	Bipolar II disorder
Bipolar II is often misdiagnosed as what?	Major depressive disorder
Cycling between hypomania and mild depression for 2+ years is what?	Cyclothymic disorder
In mania, the patient may become psychotic with what symptoms?	Hallucinations or delusions of grandeur
Lack of insight into one’s illness in bipolar disorder is called what?	Anosognosia
A patient collapses from exhaustion after mania. This is common in what disorder?	Bipolar I disorder
What usually follows a manic episode?	Depression and anxiety
Major depressive disorder requires symptoms for how long?	At least 2 weeks
To diagnose MDD, how many symptoms must be present?	Five or more
Long-term low-grade depression for 2+ years is what?	Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
Persistent depressive disorder in children must last how long?	At least 1 year
Hard suicide methods include what?	Gunshot, hanging, jumping, CO poisoning
Soft suicide methods include what?	Cutting wrists, overdose pills, gas inhalation
MAOIs require avoiding foods containing what?	Tyramine
Name 3 tyramine-rich foods unsafe with MAOIs.	Aged cheese, cured meats, fermented products
What can occur if a patient on MAOIs eats tyramine foods?	Hypertensive crisis
Which MAOI comes as a transdermal patch?	Selegiline (Emsam)
Lithium therapeutic level for maintenance?	0.6–1.2 mEq/L
Early signs of lithium toxicity include what?	GI upset, coarse tremor, confusion
Advanced lithium 2.0-2.5 mEq/L toxicity signs include what?	Ataxia, blurred vision, clonic movements, seizures
What level indicates severe lithium toxicity?	Above 2.5 mEq/L
A patient on lithium has diarrhea, tremors, and vomiting. What should the nurse do?	Hold lithium and notify provider
Lithium is excreted by what organ system?	Kidneys
Which diuretic increases lithium toxicity risk?	Furosemide (Lasix)
Why does furosemide increase lithium toxicity risk?	It causes sodium loss, increasing lithium reabsorption
A patient on lithium should maintain what consistent intake?	Sodium and fluids
Medication that increases risk of lithium accumulation?	NSAIDs and diuretics
Which mood stabilizer carries risk of hypothyroidism and renal impairment?	Lithium
What metabolic condition is common with bipolar disorder?	Metabolic syndrome
Patients with bipolar disorder have increased risk of what psychiatric condition?	Suicide
A patient in severe depression expresses hopelessness. What is the priority nursing action?	Assess for suicidal ideation
Patient shows psychomotor retardation, low energy, and poor concentration. What is this?	Major depressive disorder
A patient has flashbacks, nightmares, and hypervigilance lasting longer than 1 month. What is this?	PTSD
PTSD symptoms include re-experiencing, avoidance, mood changes, and what?	Hyperarousal
A PTSD patient feels detached, numb, and uninterested. What is this called?	Emotional numbing
A key screening question for PTSD assesses what?	Re-experiencing trauma through intrusive memories
What medication class is first-line for PTSD?	SSRIs
PTSD patients often experience what sleep problem?	Nightmares and insomnia
A patient experiences derealization and numbing for 2 weeks after trauma. What is this?	Acute Stress Disorder
ASD symptoms last between what timeframe?	3 days to 1 month
What symptom is MORE common in ASD than PTSD?	Derealization
A patient feels like they are watching themselves from outside their body. What is this?	Depersonalization
A patient says the world looks foggy or unreal. What is this?	Derealization
A disorder involving two or more distinct personality states is called?	Dissociative Identity Disorder
What is the main cause of DID?	Severe, repeated childhood trauma or abuse
Patients with DID often lose memory for daily events. What is this called?	Dissociative amnesia
A milder stress reaction to major life changes, such as job loss, is what?	Adjustment disorder
Adjustment disorder must occur within what timeframe?	Within 3 months of the stressor
A patient shows intense grief, yearning, and difficulty moving on after 12 months. What is this?	Complicated grieving
Somatic symptom disorder involves what?	Psychological distress expressed as physical symptoms

Somatic symptom disorder focuses on what?	Excessive thoughts and anxiety about health
Illness Anxiety Disorder involves what?	Fear of having or acquiring a serious illness
Two types of Illness Anxiety Disorder:	Care-seeking and care-avoidant
Illness Anxiety Disorder is diagnosed when symptoms are what?	Mild or not present
A patient frequently checks their body for illness despite normal exams. What is this?	Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder causes what kind of symptoms?	Neurological symptoms with no medical cause
Examples of Conversion Disorder symptoms include what?	Paralysis, blindness, seizures, gait issues
A key feature of Conversion Disorder is lack of concern about symptoms. What is this?	La belle indifference
A patient loses vision after a traumatic argument but is calm. What is this?	Conversion Disorder
MRI and labs in Conversion Disorder will show what?	No neurological explanation
Factitious Disorder involves what?	Intentional fabrication of symptoms to assume sick role
Malingering differs from Factitious Disorder because motivation is what?	Secondary gain (money, avoiding work)
Factitious Disorder imposed on another is also called what?	Munchausen by proxy
A caregiver induces illness in a dependent. What is this?	Factitious Disorder imposed on another
Somatic disorders often respond to what treatments?	SSRIs and CBT
Numbing of emotional response is typical of what disorder?	PTSD
Which medication can stop conversion symptoms during interview?	Amobarbital
Patients with somatic disorders often seek what?	Repeated medical evaluation
Important nursing approach for somatic disorders?	Build therapeutic relationship and set limits on discussion time
Patients with somatic disorders benefit from what type of therapy?	CBT
Patients with conversion disorder require what from the nurse?	Nonjudgmental reassurance and support
Key predictor of somatic disorder misdiagnosis?	Clinician frustration or bias
A patient believes physical symptoms are deserved punishment. This is associated with?	Somatic disorders
Paranoid personality disorder is defined by what core feature?	Distrust and suspiciousness of others
Paranoid personality patients often interpret others’ actions as what?	Malevolent and threatening
Best nursing approach with paranoid personality?	Be straightforward, clear, and avoid being too friendly
Which personality disorder involves lifelong social withdrawal and emotional detachment?	Schizoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality patients typically appear how?	Cold, aloof, indifferent, solitary
Best therapy choice for schizoid personality?	Psychotherapy, then group therapy after trust established
Schizoid patients benefit from which medication if depressed?	Wellbutrin
Which personality disorder shows odd beliefs, magical thinking, and social anxiety?	Schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal patients may have what unusual features?	Bizarre speech, odd appearance, perceptual distortions
Best nursing intervention for schizotypal personality?	Respect need for isolation and avoid challenging beliefs
Cluster A disorders share what common theme?	Odd or eccentric behavior
Borderline personality disorder is defined by what?	Emotional instability, impulsivity, and unstable relationships
Splitting is a hallmark of which personality disorder?	Borderline personality disorder
Borderline patients often struggle with what dangerous behaviors?	Self-harm and suicide attempts
Best therapy for borderline personality disorder?	DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy)
Nursing priority for borderline personality disorder?	Safety and consistent boundaries
Which medication can reduce self-injury in borderline personality disorder?	Naltrexone
Narcissistic personality disorder centers around what?	Grandiosity, entitlement, lack of empathy
Narcissistic patients react strongly to what?	Criticism or perceived rejection
Best approach with narcissistic personality disorder?	Stay neutral, avoid power struggles, model empathy
Histrionic personality disorder is defined by what?	Attention-seeking, emotional, dramatic behavior
Histrionic patients often use what behavior to get attention?	Seductive or provocative actions
Best communication approach with histrionic personality disorder?	Keep communication professional and structured
Antisocial personality disorder is also called what?	Sociopath
Core features of antisocial personality disorder?	Deceitful, manipulative, no remorse
Nursing priority with antisocial personality disorder?	Safety and firm boundaries
Medication that may be used for aggression in antisocial personality disorder?	Lithium or valproic acid
Cluster B personality disorders share what trait?	Dramatic, emotional, erratic behaviors
Avoidant personality disorder is defined by what?	Extreme shyness, fear of rejection, low self-esteem
Best therapy for avoidant personality disorder?	Individual and group therapy with trust building
Medication that helps avoidant personality disorder with anxiety?	SSRI or SNRI (venlafaxine)
Dependent personality disorder centers on what?	Need to be taken care of and fear of separation
A dependent patient may have difficulty doing what?	Making decisions without reassurance
Nursing concern with dependent personality disorder?	High risk for manipulation and boundary issues
Best therapy for dependent personality disorder?	Psychotherapy and CBT
OCPD is defined by what?	Rigid perfectionism, control, orderliness
Difference between OCD and OCPD?	OCD has true obsessions/compulsions; OCPD is personality-based perfectionism
Patients with OCPD struggle with what?	Flexibility and accepting unexpected changes
Medication helpful for OCPD symptoms?	Clomipramine or fluoxetine
Cluster C disorders share what core trait?	Anxiety and fearfulness
A patient rehearses social interactions repeatedly and avoids downtime. What disorder?	OCPD
A patient refuses social events due to fear of humiliation. What disorder?	Avoidant personality disorder
A patient becomes extremely attached to staff and demands extra time. What disorder?	Dependent personality disorder
Physical abuse involves what behaviors?	Slapping, hitting, choking, pushing, restraining, burning
Emotional abuse includes what?	Criticism, humiliation, name-calling, intimidation, isolation
Sexual abuse is defined as what?	Any sexual contact or exposure without consent
Economic abuse involves what?	Controlling access to money or preventing employment
Neglect is defined as what?	Failure to provide physical, emotional, medical, or educational needs
Children who are neglected often appear how?	Underweight, dirty, poorly clothed, untreated medical issues
What percentage of rape victims know their attacker?	About 69%
True or False: Most rape victims are attacked by strangers.	False
True or False: Rape is about violence and control, not sex.	True

Most rapes are what?	Planned
Rape myths include what false belief?	Women “ask for it”
Is there a time limit that defines rape?	No
Can men be rape victims?	Yes
Neglect of an older adult may show how?	Poor hygiene, malnutrition, untreated medical conditions
What type of abuse includes controlling all finances?	Economic abuse
Which type of abuse is hardest to detect because it leaves no visible marks?	Emotional abuse
Victim ignores early incidents due to fear during which phase?	Tension-building phase
Abuser apologizes and offers gifts in which phase?	Honeymoon phase
Violence occurs during which phase?	Acute battering phase
In the tension-building phase, the victim often does what?	Attempts to calm or minimize the abuser’s anger
In the acute battering phase, what usually happens?	Attack triggered by stress or abuser’s emotional state
Why might victims provoke violence in some cases?	To get the fear and tension over with and reach the honeymoon stage
During the honeymoon phase, what does the abuser do?	Shows remorse, apologizes, makes promises to change
Why do victims stay during the honeymoon phase?	Hope for change and emotional attachment
Key nursing priority for IPV victims?	Ensure immediate safety N SUPPORT
What is the nurse’s legal duty regarding suspected child abuse?	Mandatory reporting
What is the nurse’s duty when an adult discloses abuse?	Support, assess safety, offer resources (not mandatory to report unless vulnerable adult)

A patient with repeated injuries and vague explanations may indicate what?	Intimate partner violence
What is the first step when a patient discloses abuse?	Ensure privacy and safety
What is the nurse’s role if the patient denies abuse?	Document findings objectively and offer resources
What screening tool is useful for IPV?	HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream)
Delirium is defined as what?	Acute fluctuating disturbance in attention and awareness
Delirium develops over what time frame?	Hours to days
Primary feature of delirium?	Inability to focus, sustain, or shift attention
Delirium symptoms typically do what throughout the day?	Fluctuate with periods of lucidity
Delirium onset is typically what?	Abrupt
Delirium is considered what type of emergency?	Medical emergency
Main priority in delirium care?	Keep patient safe
Common cause of delirium?	Medical illness, infection, dehydration, medications
Delirium often includes what perceptual disturbance?	Visual hallucinations
Patients with delirium often show what behavior?	Agitation, restlessness, disorientation
Dementia onset is typically what?	Gradual and progressive
Most common cause of dementia?	Alzheimer’s disease
Early sign of Alzheimer’s disease?	Trouble remembering new information
Patients with dementia may lose ability to perform what?	ADLs
Alzheimer’s disease causes decline in what functions?	Memory, judgment, problem solving, language
What is confabulation?	Unconscious creation of stories to fill memory gaps
What is agraphia?	Loss of ability to read or write
What is apraxia?	Inability to perform purposeful movements
What is agnosia?	Inability to recognize objects despite intact senses
What is perseveration?	Repetition of a word or phrase after stimulus ends
What is aphasia?	Loss of language ability
What is sundowning?	Increased confusion and agitation in evening hours
What is hyperorality?	Putting objects in mouth, tasting/eating inappropriate items
Priority nursing approach for dementia?	Provide safety, structure, and predictable routine
Key communication with dementia?	Use simple, short sentences and one-step directions
Which medication class provides temporary cognitive improvement in dementia?	Cholinesterase inhibitors
Example of cholinesterase inhibitor for dementia?	Donepezil (Aricept)
Cholinesterase inhibitors should be taken when?	At bedtime
A major side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?	Bradycardia and syncope
NSAIDs should be used cautiously with what medication?	Cholinesterase inhibitors
Patients with dementia may show what type of affect?	Apathy or flat affect
Main difference: delirium vs dementia onset?	Delirium = acute; dementia = gradual
Main difference: delirium vs dementia attention?	Delirium = impaired attention; dementia = usually intact early
Best initial intervention for delirium?	Identify and treat underlying cause
What should be minimized in delirium care?	Restraints (increase confusion)
What environmental factors help delirium?	Clocks, calendars, adequate lighting
In delirium, unconditional positive regard promotes what?	Calmness and reduced anxiety
Which disorder shows disorganized thinking with fluctuating alertness?	Delirium
Which disorder shows progressive cognitive decline without fluctuation?	Dementia
A patient keeps misstating objects but is calm. This indicates what?	Agnosia
A patient repeatedly asks the same question without remembering answers. What is this?	Short-term memory loss from dementia
Nighttime wandering is common in what?	Dementia with sundowning
Delirium patients must be assessed frequently for what?	LOC
Least restrictive interventions must always be used before what?	more invasive restraints or seclusion
What is the least restrictive intervention?	Verbal de-escalation
What is the most restrictive intervention?	Seclusion or physical restraints
True or False: A patient has the right to refuse medication unless court-ordered.	True
What is required for restraints to be applied?	Provider order within required time frame
What must the nurse do after applying restraints?	Continuous assessment and documentation
Using restraints without justification is considered what?	False imprisonment
Touching a patient without consent is considered what?	Battery
Threatening a patient with harm is considered what?	Assault
What is required for informed consent?	Patient must understand risks, benefits, and alternatives
Who can sign informed consent?	Competent adult or legal guardian
If a patient is intoxicated, can they sign consent?	No
HIPAA protects what?	Patient privacy and health information
Can nurses discuss patient information in public spaces?	No
What is “duty to warn”?	Legal obligation to protect third parties from harm
Who does Tarasoff Law require the nurse to warn?	Identified potential victim
Involuntary commitment requires what two criteria?	Danger to self or others, or inability to meet basic needs
Patients admitted involuntarily still have what rights?	Refuse treatment (unless emergency), call lawyer, receive care
Emergency involuntary admission allows what?	Temporary detainment for evaluation
True or False: Involuntary patients cannot leave AMA.	True
Voluntary patients may leave unless what?	The patient is being evaluated for danger to self or others
If a voluntary patient requests discharge but is unsafe, what happens?	Provider may file for involuntary hold
Chemical restraints include what?	Medications used to control behavior, not treat illness
What must be attempted before restraints?	De-escalation, diversion, comfort measures
Seclusion is used only when what?	Patient is violent and safety is at risk
Solid documentation must restraint include what?	Behavior leading to restraint and all alternatives attempted
Unnecessary seclusion or restraint is what legal violation?	False imprisonment
Which ethical principle means “do good”?	Beneficence
Which ethical principle means “avoid harm”?	Nonmaleficence
Which ethical principle means “patient chooses”?	Autonomy
Which ethical principle means “fair treatment”?	Justice
Which ethical principle means “tell the truth”?	Veracity
A patient states they plan to harm someone. What must the nurse do?	Notify provider and warn intended victim
Breaking HIPAA can lead to what?	Fines, job loss, legal consequences
When sharing patient info, nurse should follow what principle?	Minimum necessary disclosure
What should the nurse do if a patient refuses treatment?	Respect choice unless emergency exception
What is required for involuntary medication in psychiatric care?	Court order or emergency situation
Taking a patient’s phone without cause violates what?	Patient rights and autonomy
If a patient is placed in seclusion, what must occur first?	Provider must evaluate patient within required timeframe
Autism typically presents during what age range?	18 months to 3 years
Autism is more common in which gender?	Boys (five times more than girls)
A major early sign of autism is what?	Delayed language or lack of eye contact
Autism involves difficulty with what three major areas?	Social interaction, communication, and restricted behaviors
True or False: Autism is caused by the MMR vaccine.	False
Autism often includes what unusual behaviors?	Stereotyped movements, rigid routines, fixated interests
Autism may include sensory issues like what?	Sensitivity to sound, lights, textures
A child with autism may struggle with what social skill?	Understanding nonverbal cues
Children with autism often benefit from what early intervention?	Speech, occupational, and behavioral therapy
What is the long-term goal of autism treatment?	Reduce behavioral symptoms and promote development
Autism commonly occurs with what comorbid condition?	Intellectual disability (IQ < 85)
Which medications may help autism-related anxiety or agitation?	Second-generation antipsychotics
Autistic children benefit from teaching using what approach?	Structured, predictable routines
Children with autism may have difficulty with what behavior?	Eye contact and reciprocal conversation
ADHD symptoms involve what three core features?	Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
ADHD symptoms must occur in how many settings?	Two or more settings (home, school, work)
ADHD symptoms must be present before what age?	Age 12
Main goal of ADHD treatment?	Reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, increase attention
Which therapy helps with ADHD behavior patterns?	Behavioral therapy with rewards and consequences
Effective discipline for ADHD from parents includes what?	Rewards and consequences, consistent praise, time-out, verbal reprimands Daily report cards, point systems
Which ADHD medication decreases appetite?	Stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamine)
When should parents give stimulant medications?	After meals to reduce appetite suppression
A major side effect of stimulant medications?	Insomnia and decreased appetite
Children taking stimulants should be monitored for what?	Weight loss and growth suppression
What medication is non-stimulant and used for ADHD?	Atomoxetine
What is a key risk of atomoxetine?	Liver injury or suicidal ideation in youth
ADHD children respond well to what structure?	Clear routines and predictable expectations
A child blurts out answers and interrupts. What symptom is this?	Impulsivity ADHD
A child cannot remain seated or sits fidgeting constantly. What symptom?	Hyperactivity
A child with ADHD may struggle with what academic skill?	Sustained attention to tasks
Reward systems work best when rewards are what?	Immediate and consistent
Time-out is useful to manage what ADHD behavior?	Impulsive or aggressive outbursts
Teacher reports the child cannot finish assignments or follow directions. What disorder?	ADHD
Parents of an ADHD child should avoid what discipline method?	Inconsistent or harsh punishment
A key nursing intervention for ADHD medication teaching?	Do not stop stimulants abruptly
Which professionals may be involved in ADHD care?	Teacher, pediatrician, psychologist, speech therapist, OT

Created by: fsanoe

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