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glycolisis

TermDefinition
Define glycolysis. The first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.
State where glycolysis occurs. In the cytoplasm of the cell.
State the starting molecule of glycolysis. Glucose (a 6-carbon molecule).
State the final products of glycolysis. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net gain), and 2 NADH.
Explain why glycolysis has a net gain of 2 ATP. 4 ATP are produced but 2 ATP are used in early phosphorylation steps.
Describe the first step of glycolysis. Glucose is phosphorylated using 2 ATP to form hexose bisphosphate.
Explain why glucose must be phosphorylated. Phosphorylation makes glucose more reactive and prevents it from leaving the cell.
Outline the splitting stage of glycolysis. Hexose bisphosphate (6C) is split into two triose phosphate (3C) molecules.
Describe the oxidation step of glycolysis. Triose phosphate is oxidized; NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
Explain substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. ADP is directly phosphorylated to form ATP without the electron transport chain.
State the ATP yield of glycolysis per glucose molecule. Net gain of 2 ATP.
Explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is present. It enters the mitochondria for the link reaction and aerobic respiration.
Explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is absent in animals. It is converted into lactate (lactic acid) during anaerobic respiration.
Explain what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is absent in yeast. It is converted into ethanol and CO₂ by fermentation.
Define anaerobic respiration. Respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing small amounts of ATP.
State one reason glycolysis is considered ancient. It does not require oxygen and occurs in all living organisms.
Created by: user-1970252
 

 



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