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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the basic unit of a muscle fiber that shortens during contraction? | The sarcomere — it contains actin and myosin sliding past each other. |
| What energy molecule do muscles need to contract and relax? | ATP — muscles can’t move without it. |
| What part of the neuron receives incoming signals? | The dendrites. |
| What part of the brain controls balance and coordination? | The cerebellum. |
| What is the name of the nerves that branch off the spinal cord? | Spinal nerves — there are 31 pairs. |
| What is a simple, automatic response that does NOT involve the brain? | A reflex arc. |
| What division controls “rest and digest”? | The parasympathetic nervous system. |
| What part of the ear is responsible for balance? | The semicircular canals. |
| Which hormone raises blood sugar levels? | Glucagon from the pancreas. |
| What structure in the eye detects color? | Cones in the retina. |