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Stack #4579840

QuestionAnswer
Primary function of axial muscles Stabilize head, neck, trunk; maintain posture
Muscle that flexes vertebral column Rectus abdominis
Muscles that elevate ribs during inspiration External intercostals
Muscle that closes eyelids Orbicularis oculi
Deep back muscle group that extends spine Erector spinae
Muscles of the rotator cuff Supraspinatus
Primary abductor of the arm Deltoid
Muscle group that extends knee Quadriceps femoris
Muscle that flexes elbow Biceps brachii
Primary plantar flexor Gastrocnemius (with soleus)
Theory explaining muscle shortening Sliding filament theory
Ion initiating muscle contraction Calcium
Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction Acetylcholine (ACh)
Definition of a motor unit Motor neuron + all muscle fibers it innervates
Main ATP source during long-duration exercise Aerobic respiration
Functional cells of nervous system Neurons
CNS myelin-forming cells Oligodendrocytes
Glial cells that remove debris Microglia
Part of neuron that receives impulses Dendrites
Insulating layer around axons Myelin sheath
Resting membrane potential is caused by Unequal ion distribution across membrane
Action potential triggered by Threshold depolarization
Ion entering neuron during depolarization Sodium (Na+)
Ion exiting during repolarization Potassium (K+)
Saltatory conduction definition Impulse jumps node to node on myelinated axons
Largest part of brain Cerebrum
Brain structure controlling balance Cerebellum
Fluid protecting CNS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Brain region regulating HR and breathing Medulla oblongata
Structure connecting cerebral hemispheres Corpus callosum
Two divisions of PNS Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
Definition of a ganglion Cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS
Nerve from cervical plexus controlling diaphragm Phrenic nerve
Largest nerve in human body Sciatic nerve
Division controlling skeletal muscles Somatic motor division
Two ANS divisions Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Division active during stress Sympathetic
Division supporting rest-and-digest Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter Acetylcholine
Sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter Norepinephrine
Receptors detecting pain Nociceptors
Sense using muscle/tendon receptors Proprioception
Receptors detecting pressure/vibration Mechanoreceptors
Receptors detecting temperature changes Thermoreceptors
What determines receptor adaptation speed Receptor type
Photoreceptors located in Retina
Hearing receptors located in Organ of Corti
Cranial nerves for taste VII
Rotational equilibrium detected by Semicircular canals
Structure focusing light Lens
Primary role of hormones Regulate body functions
Two major hormone types Steroid & nonsteroid
Mechanism controlling most hormone secretion Negative feedback
Definition of a target cell Cell with specific hormone receptors
System working closely with endocrine system Nervous system
Master gland Pituitary gland
Gland that regulates metabolism Thyroid gland
Hormone increasing blood calcium PTH
Hormone lowering blood glucose Insulin
Adrenal medulla hormones Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Three formed elements RBCs
Protein carrying oxygen Hemoglobin
Definition of hemostasis Stopping bleeding
Most abundant WBCs Neutrophils
What determines blood type Antigens on RBCs
Natural pacemaker SA node
Valves preventing backflow to atria AV valves
Vessels nourishing heart Coronary arteries
Definition of systole Contraction phase
Cardiac output formula Heart rate × stroke volume
Vessels with highest pressure Arteries
Vessels where exchange occurs Capillaries
Mechanisms aiding venous return Valves + muscle pump
Definition of blood pressure Force of blood on vessel walls
Primary factor affecting resistance Vessel diameter
Two major circuits Pulmonary and systemic
Organ receiving hepatic portal blood Liver
Definition of perfusion Blood flow to tissues
What regulates vessel diameter ANS
Fetal structure bypassing lungs Ductus arteriosus
Fluid in lymphatic vessels Lymph
Organ filtering blood Spleen
Organ for T cell maturation Thymus
Mouth-entry infection defense Tonsils
Function of lymph nodes Filter lymph; house immune cells
First line of defense Skin & mucosa
Purpose of inflammation Limit infection & begin repair
Cells engulfing pathogens Phagocytes
Proteins destroying pathogens Complement
Molecules warning cells of viruses Interferons
Cells producing antibodies B cells
Cells killing infected cells Cytotoxic T cells
Trigger for adaptive immunity Antigen recognition
Definition of immunologic memory Faster response after re-exposure
Type of immunity from vaccines Artificial active immunity
Vessels with highest pressure Arteries
Vessels where exchange occurs Capillaries
Mechanisms aiding venous return Valves + muscle pump
Definition of blood pressure Force of blood on vessel walls
Primary factor affecting resistance Vessel diameter
Two major circuits Pulmonary and systemic
Organ receiving hepatic portal blood Liver
Definition of perfusion Blood flow to tissues
What regulates vessel diameter ANS
Fetal structure bypassing lungs Ductus arteriosus
Fluid in lymphatic vessels Lymph
Organ filtering blood Spleen
Organ for T cell maturation Thymus
Mouth-entry infection defense Tonsils
Function of lymph nodes Filter lymph; house immune cells
First line of defense Skin & mucosa
Purpose of inflammation Limit infection & begin repair
Cells engulfing pathogens Phagocytes
Proteins destroying pathogens Complement
Molecules warning cells of viruses Interferons
Cells producing antibodies B cells
Cells killing infected cells Cytotoxic T cells
Trigger for adaptive immunity Antigen recognition
Definition of immunologic memory Faster response after re-exposure
Type of immunity from vaccines Artificial active immunity
Created by: user-1993568
 

 



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