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WATER

TermDefinition
Why is water polar? Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.
What bond forms between water molecules? Hydrogen bonds.
Define cohesion. Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding.
Define adhesion. Attraction between water and other surfaces.
Example of cohesion in biology. Water moves up the xylem as a continuous column.
Example of adhesion in biology. Water sticks to xylem walls, helping it climb.
Why does water have high specific heat capacity? Hydrogen bonds require a lot of energy to break.
Why is high specific heat capacity important? It stabilizes environmental and internal temperatures.
Define thermal conductivity. The ability of a substance to transfer heat.
Why does water’s high thermal conductivity affect marine mammals? Water removes heat quickly, causing rapid heat loss.
What adaptation reduces heat loss in marine mammals? Blubber with low thermal conductivity.
Why is ice less dense than water? Hydrogen bonds form an open lattice with molecules farther apart.
Why does ice float? Ice is less dense than liquid water.
Why is floating ice important for life? It insulates water below, preventing lakes from freezing solid.
Define buoyancy. Upward force caused by water’s high density that helps organisms float.
Why are seals efficient swimmers? Their shape reduces drag and water’s buoyancy supports their body weight.
Why are seals awkward on land? Air has low buoyancy and low viscosity, giving little support.
Define viscosity. Resistance to flow.
Compare viscosity of air and water. Water is more viscous; air is very low viscosity.
How does viscosity affect aquatic animals? They need streamlined shapes to reduce drag.
Why do loons have hydrodynamic bodies? To minimize drag when swimming in viscous water.
Why do loons have aerodynamic wings? To reduce drag and generate lift in low
Why are loon feathers oiled? To make them hydrophobic and keep the insulating air layer dry.
Why must ringed seal pups stay in snow lairs? Snow and trapped air have low thermal conductivity; they keep pups warm.
Why do adult seals need blubber? Blubber insulates because it has low thermal conductivity.
Why is water an excellent solvent? It dissolves ionic and polar substances due to its polarity.
Example of water as a solvent. Blood plasma dissolves glucose, ions, and amino acids.
Which property of water supports temperature stability? High specific heat capacity.
Which property of air allows rapid temperature changes? Low specific heat capacity.
Which property of water makes movement harder than in air? Higher viscosity.
Which property of water supports aquatic life under ice? Lower density of ice allows it to float and insulate water below.
Created by: user-1970252
 

 



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