What are the four primary tissue types in the human body, and what is one key function of each?

Epithelial protection and secretion, connective support and transport, muscle movement and nervous communication and control.

What distinguishes skeletal muscle from smooth and cardiac muscle?

Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attaches to bones; smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary, with cardiac muscle also being striated and branching.

Describe the main functions of the integumentary system.

It protects against injury and pathogens, helps regulate body temperature, prevents dehydration, and acts in sensation and vitamin D production.

What is an osteon, and where is it found?

An osteon is the functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.

What are the major steps of fracture healing?

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilage callus → bony callus → bone remodeling.

What is the neuromuscular junction?

The synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber, using acetylcholine to trigger contraction.

Explain the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the thin filaments inward, shortening the sarcomere; ATP is required for both contraction and relaxation.

What is the difference between a motor unit and muscle tone?

A motor unit is one motor neuron and all the fibers it controls; muscle tone is the partial, continuous contraction that maintains posture.

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS)—brain and spinal cord—and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—nerves connecting the CNS to the body.

What are the basic parts of a neuron, and what does each do?

Dendrites (receive signals), cell body (integrates signals), and axon (transmits impulses away from the cell body).

How does myelin improve nerve conduction?

Myelin insulates the axon and allows impulses to jump between nodes (saltatory conduction), speeding transmission.

A junction between neurons where neurotransmitters transfer signals across a tiny gap (synaptic cleft).

What is the primary role of the cerebellum?

To coordinate voluntary movement, maintain balance, and fine-tune motor activity.

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

It controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

How do sensory receptors convert stimuli into nerve signals?

Receptors detect changes in the environment and convert them into electrical impulses (transduction) sent to the CNS for interpretation.

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Earlean Ross

Anatomy 6-12

Question	Answer
What are the four primary tissue types in the human body, and what is one key function of each?	Epithelial protection and secretion, connective support and transport, muscle movement and nervous communication and control.
What distinguishes skeletal muscle from smooth and cardiac muscle?	Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attaches to bones; smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary, with cardiac muscle also being striated and branching.
Describe the main functions of the integumentary system.	It protects against injury and pathogens, helps regulate body temperature, prevents dehydration, and acts in sensation and vitamin D production.
What is an osteon, and where is it found?	An osteon is the functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.
What are the major steps of fracture healing?	Hematoma formation → fibrocartilage callus → bony callus → bone remodeling.
What is the neuromuscular junction?	The synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber, using acetylcholine to trigger contraction.
Explain the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.	Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the thin filaments inward, shortening the sarcomere; ATP is required for both contraction and relaxation.
What is the difference between a motor unit and muscle tone?	A motor unit is one motor neuron and all the fibers it controls; muscle tone is the partial, continuous contraction that maintains posture.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?	The central nervous system (CNS)—brain and spinal cord—and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—nerves connecting the CNS to the body.
What are the basic parts of a neuron, and what does each do?	Dendrites (receive signals), cell body (integrates signals), and axon (transmits impulses away from the cell body).
How does myelin improve nerve conduction?	Myelin insulates the axon and allows impulses to jump between nodes (saltatory conduction), speeding transmission.
What is a synapse?	A junction between neurons where neurotransmitters transfer signals across a tiny gap (synaptic cleft).
What is the primary role of the cerebellum?	To coordinate voluntary movement, maintain balance, and fine-tune motor activity.
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?	It controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
How do sensory receptors convert stimuli into nerve signals?	Receptors detect changes in the environment and convert them into electrical impulses (transduction) sent to the CNS for interpretation.

Created by: user-1991232

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