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What major structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)? The brain and spinal cord.
How does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) differ from the CNS? The PNS includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and carries signals to and from the CNS.
What are afferent (sensory) nerves? Nerves that carry information toward the CNS from sensory receptors.
What are efferent (motor) nerves? Nerves that carry signals away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
What role do ganglia play in the PNS? Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS that serve as relay points for signals.
What is the enteric nervous system (ENS)? A subdivision of the PNS located in the walls of the digestive tract; it regulates digestion and is called the “second brain.”
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions differ? Sympathetic means “fight or flight,” and parasympathetic means “rest and digest.”
What is a reflex arc? A rapid, automatic response pathway involving a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord or brainstem, motor neuron, and effector.
How do neurons communicate across synapses? By releasing neurotransmitters that cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the next neuron.
Why can the PNS heal more easily than the CNS? Peripheral nerves can regenerate with the help of Schwann cells, while CNS neurons have limited regeneration due to inhibitory molecules and lack of repair support.
What major vessel is most visible on the anterior view of the heart? The pulmonary trunk.
Created by: sselles80
 

 



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