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Sade Mercer

Physiology Week 12 - Respiratory System

TermDefinition
Nasal Cavity Lumen of nose, separated into left and right portions by nasal septum supported by cartilage, vomer, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid; supported laterally by nasal conchae
Anterior Nares (External Nares) Nostrils External openings of nasal cavity
Vestibule Extends from the anterior nares to the inferior meatus Supported by cartilage of septum and ala Lined with skin epidermis (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) with vibrissae (hairs)
Respiratory Portion Extends from vestibule to posterior nares Supported by bones of septum and nasal conchae, which curve to form meatuses Lined with highly vascular respiratory mucosa (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
Paranasal Sinuses Four pairs of air-filled spaces within frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of skull
Posterior Nares Openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx
Pharynx Throat Extends from posterior nares to the esophagus Supported by occipital bone and skeletal muscle
Nasopharynx Segment of pharynx posterior to nasal cavity Pharyngeal tonsils in posterior wall
Oropharynx Segment of pharynx posterior to oral cavity Pair of palatine tonsils in lateral walls Lingual tonsils in anterior wall, at base of tongue
Laryngopharynx Segment of pharynx posterior to opening of larynx and superior to opening of esophagus
Tonsils Ring of individual aggregations of lymphoid nodules
Larynx Voice box Extends from laryngopharynx to trachea Supported by nine cartilages connected by muscle and ligaments Lined with mucosa (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, except epiglottis and vocal folds)
Epiglottis Flexible “lid” of larynx Covered/lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous, transitioning through simple columnar to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium at border with vestibule
Vestibule Extends from base of epiglottis to vestibular folds
Upper Respiratory Tract Portion of the respiratory tract outside the thoracic cavity Processing of incoming air Conducts air to and from lungs Vocalization and phonation Olfaction
Vestibular Folds (False vocal folds) Superior pair of lateral mucosal folds
Ventricle (Laryngeal ventricle) Space between the vestibular folds and vocal folds
Vocal Folds (True vocal folds or vocal cords) Inferior pair of lateral mucosal folds Each fold supported by skeletal muscle and strong vocal ligament at medial edge Covered with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Glottis: vocal folds and space between them (rima glottidis)
Infraglottic cavity Segment below glottis, between vocal folds and trachea
Lower Respiratory Tract Portion of respiratory tract within the thoracic cavity Also called bronchial tree
Trachea Windpipe Extends from larynx to primary bronchi Supported by C-shaped cartilage rings Lined with respiratory mucosa (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
Bronchi Treelike branching of airways 23 levels of branching, producing a huge number of individual airways
Primary Bronchi Left and right branch from trachea, one to each lung
Secondary Bronchi (Lobar bronchi) Branches of the primary bronchi; three from the right, two from the left
Tertiary Bronchi Branches of the secondary bronchi
Bronchioles Smallest branches (20 levels of branching)
Alveoli Microscopic air spaces at terminals of bronchial tree Lined with simple squamous epithelium that joins with pulmonary capillary endothelium to form the respiratory membrane
Created by: SadeMercer
 

 



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