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FINAL study stack

week 6-12 anatomy

QuestionAnswer
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary, striated), and smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
What is the sliding filament theory? Muscle fibers contract when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, powered by ATP and calcium.
In the neuromuscular system, what structures combine to create a motor unit? A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates.
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system? Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone? The osteon (Haversian system).
What are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes? Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts break down bone; osteocytes maintain bone tissue.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (nerves).
What are the three main parts of a neuron? Dendrites, cell body, and axon.
What are the three phases of an action potential? Depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.
What is the function of the retina? It contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that detect light and send visual signals to the brain.
What is the general function of sensory receptors? To detect specific types of stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses the brain can interpret.
What type of receptor detects changes in temperature? Thermoreceptors.
What is the main function of the endocrine system? To release hormones that regulate body processes.
What gland is known as the “master gland”? The pituitary gland.
What hormones are secreted by the pancreas? Insulin and glucagon
What hormone raises blood calcium levels? Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
What are the two major components of blood? Plasma and formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets).
What is the function of red blood cells? To transport oxygen using hemoglobin.
What is hemostasis? The process that stops bleeding: vasoconstriction, platelet plug, and clot formation.
What are the three layers of the heart wall? Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium.
What vessels carry blood away from the heart? Arteries.
What is the function of heart valves? To prevent backflow of blood.
What is systole and diastole? Systole = contraction; diastole = relaxation of the heart.
Created by: sramos19
 

 



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