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History Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 World Religions | Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddism |
| Religion Founders | Judaism- Abraham Christianity- Jesus Islam- Mohammad Hinduism- No main founder Buddism- Siddhartha Gautama (Buddah) |
| Practices of Judaism | Tonakh- includes the Torah Talmud- guide to civil an religious laws -believe that go made a promise to Abraham that his descendants would be the chosen people of God -waiting for the messiah |
| Practices of Christianity | believe that Jesus is the messiah believe in the Trinity - the father the son and the holy spirt believe in salvation |
| Practices of Islam | 5 pillars of Islam Monotheistic |
| Practices of Hinduism | Polytheistic Samara- presses of which someones body is transfers to another body after death Karma- accumulated score of ones good or bad deaes. |
| Practices of Buddhism | 4 noble truths 5 precepts 8 fold path reincarnation- people reborn after death |
| Karma | The accumulated sum of one's good and bad deeds |
| According to Hinduism how does karma effect what happens when you die? | Karma determines how you will live your next life. Better action in your current life can cause you to have better karma and be.reborn at a higher level. bad Karma= Lower level next life higher caste. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Giving to Charity Pray 5 times a day Journey to Mecca declaration of faith fasting during Ramadan |
| Eightfold Path | This is the path to enlightenment. Buddhism |
| Four Noble Truths | Dukkha- suffering exists Samudaya- there is cause for suffering Nirodha- there is an end to suffering Magga- suffering ends when one follows the 8-fold path Buddhism stuff |
| Holy Books for reach religion | Judaism- Torah and Tonakh and Talmud Christianity- Bible Islam- The Koran (Quran) Hinduism- The Rug Veda Buddhism- The Tripitaka |
| Where did the Bubonic plague start? | It began in China and then came to Europe. It was brought by trade by Italian merchants. |
| how did the Bubonic plague spread? | -Flees on rats in the streets(could jump from person to person to bite and infect them) -poor sanitation (helped the plague spread quicker) -Eventually mutated and then became airborne |
| Plague symptoms | Chills Fever Diarrhea Headaches Convulsive Coughing Spitting Blood Swelling of infected lymph nodes Black patches on the skin |
| Who did Europeans blame for the plague? | God (punished them) Jews (put poison in the wells) |
| Who was Martin Luther? | -wrote the 95 thesis (arguments against indulgences and what he thought was wrong with the Catholic church) -he did all this |
| 95 Theses | arguments against indulgences or against the Catholic church things that Martin Luther thought was wrong |
| Why did Henry VIII want a divorce? | He wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon so he could marry his mistress Anne boylen. |
| What happens because Henry VIII wanted a divorce? | The church did not let him get a divorce, so he broke away from the Catholic church, and started the church of England, and was the head of that. |
| Copernicus | Came up with the heliocentric theory, but didn't have any evidence |
| Galileo | Built the telescope. He found evidence to prove the heliocentric theory. Catholic church told him to stop spreading this info because it went against what they said. He didn't, and ended up signing a paper saying he was wrong to avoid torture. |
| Heliocentric theory | Sun is center of the solar system theory |
| Geocentric | Earth is center of the solar system theory |
| Gutenberg | German inventor that invented the printing press with movable type |
| Epidemic | outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease |
| Inflation | Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| Vernacular | Everyday language of everyday people |
| Predestination | Calvinists beloved that God determined who would gain salvation |
| Theocracy | government run by religious leaders |
| Canonize | to recognize a person as a saint |
| schism | permanent division of a church |
| indulgences | pardoning of sins committed during a persons lifetime in the Roman Catholic church |
| scientific method | careful step by step process used to confirm and to prove or disprove a hypothesis |
| newton | discovered law of gravity |
| Positives of the Colombian Exchange | 1. Old world got a bunch of healthier foods -population growth -longer lives 2. New Word Natives got horses -helped make hinting buffalo easier -process faster 3. New technologies in both places |
| Negatives of the Colombian Exchange | 1. Europeans brought diseases -The natives had not been exposed to these sicknesses before -Natives died rapidly -sml pox 2. Salve Trade Increased -natives could be slaves because they were dying -Europeans wanted some one to do the work |
| The Middle Passage | -Horrible conditions on the ships -4 1/2 ft ceilings -separated by age and gender - forced exercise - tortured or beaten -forced to eat -Women could be sexually abused or assaulted -Sickness was prevalent -Sick could be thrown overboard |
| The Middle Passage | -People chained together -Dark cramped living -just had to lay there -relived themselves where they lay -10-20% didn't survive |
| Colombian Exchange | global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas |
| Mestizo | person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry |
| Encomienda system | landlords forced native Americans o far/ranch/mine for them |
| Olaudah Equiano | An enslaved person who wrote about the inhumane treatment of pastured Africans |
| Atlantic slave trade | the buying and selling Africans for work in the Americas |
| Triangular trade | the transatlantic trading network that transported enslaved people/ manufactured goods/ and raw materials |
| capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources such as money for profit |
| mercantilism | policy where nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| favorable balance of trade | when you sell more goods than you buy |
| Who were the absolute monarchs? | Louis XIV Peter the Great LOUIS XVI Ivan the Terrible |
| Louis XIV | Sun king build the palace of Versailles |
| Peter the Great | Russian leader known as the Great reformer westernize Russia warm water ports first news paper St peters-burg expand an modernize military connect major cities newwesternn clothing better education beard tax |
| Ivan the terrible | very crazy didn't like boyars secret police that executed many boyars took states and gave them to his noble that were loyal to him |
| Louis XVI | French King Married Marie Antoinette beheaded by the guillotineduirnt he reign of terror in French revolution |
| 1st Estate | Clergy 1% of population Paid 0% of the taxes hated the enlightenment ideas |
| 2nd Estate | Nobles/Nobility 2% of population Pride 0% of taxes Disliked the Enlightenment ideas |
| 3rd Estate | Bourgeoisie/ lower class/ peasants 97% of the population Paid 97% of the taxes Embraced the enlightenment ideas Angry because of unjust systems in france |
| Causes of the French Revolution | Political -king has all power estates have no voice -Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette -weak leader-didnt deal with issues didn't deal with proble Intellectual -Enlightenment idea Social -estates divided Economic - France bankrupt -taxation unjust |
| What were Frances financial problems before the revolution.? | -France was bankrupt -Just paid for 7 year war -excessive spending - no regular budget - just had bad harvest too |
| What did Peter the Great do for Russia? | Westernized Russia -modernize military -introduced potatoes -started Russia's first newspaper -raised woman status -changed nobles clothing to western fashions -advanced education |
| Enlightenment ideas | New ideas about power and authority. they rejected the absolute monarchy they supported basic freedoms. The people of a country should govern it. Success of America as inspiration. Wanted democracy |
| Storming of Bastille | -Rumors about king using military force on citizens (they wanted protection) -Got weapons and stormed the Bastille looking for gunpowder -They got control of the building -Fall of Bastille act of freedom and became July 14th. National French holiday |
| Absolute Monarchs | ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs |
| Versailles | Royal French residence built by king Louis XIV |
| Westernization | Adoption of western ideas/tech/ culture |
| Social Contract | an agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos |
| natural rights | rights that belong to all humans from birth such a as life liberty and property |
| Laissez Faire | policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference |
| estate | social class 3 of them |
| burgeoisie | the French middle class |
| deficit spending | a government spends more money than it takes in |
| estates general | legislative made up of representatives of the 3 estates in pre revolutionary france |
| Marie antoinette | queen of France. married to Louis XVI. beheaded by the guillotine during the reign of terror. |
| Robospirre | leader of the committee of public safety. leader behind the reign of terror. Beheaded by the guillotine. |
| reign of terror | period during the French revolution when people in France we arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed |
| Guillotine | device used during the reign of terror to execute thousands by beheading |
| Nationalism | a strong feeling of pride in and evolution to one's country |
| Napoleon Bonapart | French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe following the French revolution |
| What was life like in the factories during the Industrial revolution? | -Harsh condition -Pay was low Men>Women>Children -12-16 hour days -on feet all day -repetitive work -no safety features -White lung(textiles -Black Lung (Coal) -Hurt=fired |
| What was the growth of cities like during the industrial revolution? | -People started coming in a lot faster=building up (tenements) -People working hard days=More pubs -More pubs= Crime rates went up -Higher crime rates= death rates up |
| Where did industrialization begin? | Britain |
| Where were factories built and why? | -by rivers or water -this was so they could be powered off the water |
| Which industry kick-started industrialization? | The Textiles Industry |
| Henry Bessemer | he created the process for making steel from pig iron by burning out impurities by means of a blast of air forced through the hot liquid metal |
| Thomas Edison | invented the first electric light bulb |
| Interchangeable Parts | identical components that can be used in place of one and other in manufaturing |
| Assembly Line | production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks |
| Urban renewal | process of fixing up the poor an rundown areas of a city |
| Standard of living | measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a socioty |
| Capital | money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise |
| Entrepreneur | person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin |
| Urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| tenement | multistory building divided into crowded apartments |
| labor union | workers organization |
| Why did Western countries chose to practice imperialism? | Ideological- racism (white race is the best race) -social Darwinism religious- spread Christianity (educate more people) Political- increase empire (show military strength) Nationlism Economic- natural resources -cheep labor -control foreign trade |
| What type of protests did Gandhi practice? | Gandhi practiced nonviolent civil disobedience. He thought that violence wasn't ever the answer. |
| What were two positive and two negative effects of imperialism? | Positive (Britain POV) -Imperialism brought new technology and infrastructure, such as railroads and schools, to colonized regions. Negative- Imperialism caused loss of land and independence and led to exploitation of people and resources. |
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