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Psych Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is dualism? | Descartes idea that the mind and body are two seperate machines that interact |
| What do phrenologists believe? | By feeling someone's skull, a phrenologist will be able to determine a persons character and mental traits based on the bumps they feel |
| What did Wilhelm Wundt pioneer? | Structuralism, the idea that psychology should be studied with experiments like chemistry or physics |
| What did William James pioneer? | Functionalism, the idea that every human behavior evolves because of life preserving functions |
| What did Freud and Jung pioneer? | Psychoanalysis, the idea that a patients problems are solely mental, not a result of physical problems. Thoughts/memories exist below a conscious level and influence our behavior. |
| What do behaviorists believe? | Psychology should focus on studying observable behavior, not introspection |
| What do Gestalt psychologists believe? | Emphasis on the "whole." The mind perceives objects as unified wholes rather than as a collection of separate elements |
| What do humanistic psychologists believe? | People are inherently good, have free will, and are motivated to reach their full potential |
| What do cognitive psychologists believe? | Observable human behavior is the result of mental processes |
| What is the function of a neuron? | To process and transmit electrochemical signals |
| What is the function of a synapse? | To transmit signals between neurons |
| What is action potential? | Electrical pulse that travels down a neuron's axon to transmit a signal |
| What are neurotransmitters? | To transmit signals between neutrons or between neurons and muscles |
| What is the peripheral nervous system? | A network of nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Transmits sensory information to the central nervous system |
| What is the central nervous system? | Included the brain and spinal cord and acts as the body's main processing and control center |
| What is the somatic nervous system? | Part of the nervous system that is responsible for voluntary movement and processing sensory information |
| What is the automatic nervous system? | Controls involuntary bodily functions i.e. heart rate, digestion and blood pressure |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system? | Division of the automatic nervous system responsible for the "fight or flight" response |
| What is the parasympathetic nervous system? | Division of the automatic nervous system that promotes a calming state, counteracts "fight or flight" by slowing heart rate and increasing digestion |
| What is the function of the endocrine system? | It is a network of glands that produces and secretes hormones |
| What is the somatosensory? | A neural network that processes sensory information from the body including touch, temperature, pain, and body position |
| What is the motor homunculus? | A distorted human figure that maps which parts of the brain's primary motor cortex control the motor function of different body parts. Parts of the body that need precise movements like fingers have a disproportionately large area |
| What is the frontal lobe? | Front of the brain responsible for thinking, planning, and problem solving |
| What is the parietal lobe? | Upper middle part of the brain responsible for processing sensory information |
| What is the temporal lobe? | Lower middle part of the brain responsible for understanding language, memory, and processing emotions |
| What is the occipital lobe? | Back of the brain responsible for visual processing |
| What is sensory adaptation? | Process where sensory receptors become less sensitive to constant stimuli overtime |
| What is absolute threshold? | Minimum level of stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time |
| What is the just noticeable difference? | Minimum change in stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time |
| How does light get turned into neural signals? | When light hits the retina it is absorbed by photoreceptors (rods and cones) which triggers a chemical cascade that alters the release of neurotransmitters |
| What is trichromatic theory? | Idea that the human eye contains three types of cones cells, each sensitive to either red, green, or blue light |
| What is opponent-process theory? | The cognitive process of perceiving and recognizing faces |
| What is the concept of face perception? | The body's system for balance, orientation, and spatial awareness located in the inner ear |
| What is the vestibular sense? | The body's system for balance, orientation, and spatial awareness |
Created by:
natalie.note