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Pharm 1 Final
Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| donepezil | - Alzheimer's Disease -Classification: Cholinesterase Inhibitors -Action: Increase amount of cholinergic neurons -Instructions: DON'T take when HR is <60 bpm, take with food before bed -ADR: Bradycardia |
| memantine | -Alzheimer's Disease -Classification: NMDA Receptor agonist -Action: Blocks excess glutamate to restore nerve transmission -ADRs: dizziness and confusion -Precautions: Seizure Disorders -Interactions: OTC Antacids |
| levodopa/carbidopa | -Parkinson's Disease -Classification: Dopamine Replacement -Action: Carbidopa converts levodopa to dopamine in brain -Always given at the same time -ADRs: Dyskinesia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Psychosis Interactions: Vit B12 and proteins |
| pramipexole | -Parkinson's Disease -Classification: Direct Acting Dopamine Receptor Agonist -Action: Enhances dopamine receptors -ADRS: Dyskinesia, Orthostatic Hypotension, Psychosis (like levo and carbid) causes more nausea, sleep attacks |
| selegiline | -Parkinson's Disease -Classification: MAOI Type B inhibitors -Action: inhibits breakdown of dopamine -ADRs: Insomnia -Interactions: tyramine (hypertensive crisis) and bunch of meds |
| sumatriptan | -Migraines/Headaches -Classification:Serotonin Agonists -Action:Reverse 5HT/CGRP, promoting vaso-constriction of blood vessels -ADRs:bronchospasm, coronary vasospasm, serotonin synd. -Contraindications:arterial disease -Instructions:24h max dose |
| amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate | -ADHD and Narcolepsy -Classification: Amphetamines -Action: releases norepi and dopamine into CNS and PNS -ADRs: weight loss, withdrawal, insomnia, HTN -Interactions: Vit C -Education: Drug Holidays, Sleep Hygiene |
| Methylphenidate | -ADHD and Narcolepsy -Classification: None -Action:releases norepi and dopamine into CNS and PNS -ADRs: weight loss, withdrawal, insomnia, HTN -Interactions: Vit C -Education: Drug Holidays, Sleep Hygiene |
| modafinil | -ADHD and Narcolepsy -Classification: Non-Amphetamine -Action: inhibit reuptake of dopamine so that there is increase of extracellular dopamine and norepi -ADRs: Tachy and HTN, SJS Rash -Interactions: contraceptives, other stimulants, no <16 y.o. |
| baclofen | -Muscle Spasms -Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants -Action: enhance GABA in CNS -ADRs: drowsiness, don't take with other depressants |
| dantrolene | -Muscle Spasms -Classification: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants -Action: enhance GABA in PNS -ADRs: drowsiness, don't take with other depressants |
| phenytoin | -Seizures -Classification: Hydantoins -Action: sodium channel blocker, which slows down electrical activity -ADRs: gingival hyperplasia, SJS -Administration: slow push, CARDIAC COLLAPSE if pushed too quickly, 10-20mg/ml max Precautions: PREG X |
| carbamazepine | -Seizures -Classification:Carbamazepine -Action: sodium channel blocker -ADRs: Bone Marrow Suppression -Interactions: Grapefruit -Interventions: Test for HLA-B 1502 Reaction (asian gene) watch for fluid retention -Precautions: PREG D |
| oxcarbazepine | -Seizures -Classification: second and third gen ASMs - Action: sodium channel blocker -ADRs: SJS, Bone Marrow Suppression, Hypothyroid, Osteopenia -Interventions: Test for HLA-B 1502 Reaction (asian gene) -Precautions: PREG C |
| valproic acid | -Seizures -Classifications: valproic acid -Action: Calcium T-type channel blocker -ADRs: GI upset, liver toxicity -Interactions: topiramate -Interventions: check ammonia levels -Precautions: PREG X |
| midizolam | -Seizures -Classifications: benzodiazepine -Action: GABA enhancer -ADRs: respiratory depression -Intervention: must be tapered, can be given pain meds -Education: potential abuse |
| lidocaine | -Medications that support anesthesia -Classification: local anesthesia -Action: stops signals going to CNS -ADRs: CNS -Interactions: with epi, lasts longer -interventions: do not put topical on broken skin, cardiac monitoring |
| keppra | -seizures -most effective and safe -PREG C, SJS, sleepiness |
| interferon beta 1a, interferon beta 1b | -Multiple Sclerosis -Classifications: Immunomodulators -Action: inhibits leukocytes from entering brain barrier -1a treats remitting-relapsing only, 1b: remitting-relapsing and relapsing/continuous -ADRs: myelosuppression, flu -rotate sites |
| latanoprost, travoprost | -Glaucoma -Classification: Prostaglandin Analogs -Action: Decrease intraocular eye pressure by constricting ciliary muscles -ADRs: Itch, stinging of eye, blurred vision -Intervention: 1 drop in evening, wait 5 min between, 15min before contacts |
| betaxolol, timolol | -Glaucoma -Classification: beta adrenergic blockers -Action: decrease production of aqueous humor -Intervention: expect burning and stinging -Contraindications: low HR and RR |
| pilocarpine | -Glaucoma -Classification: cholinergic agonist -Action: lower intraocular pressure glaucoma -ADRs: Retinal detachment |
| echothiophate | -Glaucoma -Classification: cholinesterase inhibitors -Action: prevent breakdown of acetylcholine, lower intraocular pressure -ADRs: increase risk of cataracts |
| methotrexate | -Rheumatoid Arthritis -Classification: DMARDS non-biological -Action: blocks t/b cells -ADRs: blocks folate suppression, GI upset, immuno supression -Interventions: Take folic acid at same time |
| etanercept | -Rheumatoid Arthritis -Classification: DMARDS Biological -Actions: inhibits TNF alpha -ADRs: immunosupression -Intervention: screen for TB |
| tofacitinib | -Rheumatoid Arthritis -Classification: Targeted Synthetic DMARDs -Action: OJK Inhibitor, blocks cytokines -ADRs: infections, blood clots, tears in stomach -Interactions: avoid Grapefruit, St johns wort |
| raloxifene | -Osteoporosis -Classification: SERMs -Action: decrease estrogen in breast and increase in bones -ADRs: Heat flashes, thrombosis, join pain -Education: take w/ vit c and Ca+, weight baring exercise, no estrogen replacement meds |
| aldentronate | -Osteoporosis -Classification: bisphosphonate -Action: inhibits osteoclasts -ADRs: esophageal effects, hypocalcemia -Interventions: take Ca+, and vit D supplements -Edu: Take first thing in the morning with glass of water, stay up for 30 min |
| denosumab | -Osteoporosis -Inhibit RANKL activation, inhibiting osteoclast resorption -ADRs: osteonecrosis of jaw, severe hypercalcemia -Edu: s/s hyper Ca, tingling of stuff, take w/ vit D and Ca+, will take years |
| teriparatide | -Osteoporosis -Classification: Anabolic Agents -Action: mimics effects of parathyroid hormone, increasing bone mass -ADRs: Toxicity (orthostatic hypotension, N/V) -Interventions: take with vit D, Ca+, monitor Ca+ -Education: self injection technique |
| calcitonin-salmon | -Osteoporosis -Classification: calcitonin -Uses: Treats Paget's disease and hypercalcemia -Action: inhibits osteoclasts, however excretes Ca+ -Interventions: take Ca+, and vit D supplements -education: Alternate nose/site and hide from light |
| calcium citrate | -Osteoporosis -Classification: calcium supplement -ADRs: weight gain, hypercalcemia -Instructions: 1.2g for post menopausal and 1-1.2g for others |
| colchicine | -Gouty Arthritis -Classification: Antigout Agent -Action: inflammatory mediator, interleukin-1B -Interventions: should not be used to treat other inflammations, monitor hematologic, renal and liver functions |
| probenecid | -Gouty Arthritis -Classification: uricosurics - Action: excretion of uric acid -ADRs: skin: alopecia, dermatitis, puritus, skin rashes -Edu: encourage fluid intake, take with food |
| allopurinol | -Gouty Arthritis -Classification: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors - Action: reduce production of uric acid -ADRs: SJS and DRESS skin -Interventions: Must excrete 2L of urine and maintain alkaline urine -Education: 10 glasses of water, takes 4-6 w |
| diphenhydramine | -Upper respiratory -Classification: First Gen Antihistamine -Action: non selective to H1 receptors -ADRs: CNS depression and sedation -Precautions to bronchial asthma, narrow angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism |
| critizine | -Upper Respiratory -Classification: Second Gen Antihistamine -Action: H1 selective, less sedative -ADRs: CNS depression and sedation -Precautions to bronchial asthma, narrow angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism |
| phenylephrine | -Upper respiratory -Classification: Decongestants/sympathomimetics -Action: vaso-constriction of vessel in nasal membrane -ADRs: Tachy, blurred vision, N/V, nasal burning -Contraindications: diabetes, hear disease, vascular disease, glaucoma |
| codeine, dextromethorphan | - Upper Respiratory -Classification: Anti-tissutives -Action: depress cough center in medulla -Use: non reproductive cough -Interactions: antihistamines |
| guaifenesin | -Upper Respiratory -Classification: Expectorants -Action: Increase production of secretions and lower viscosity of mucus -Use: bring up secretions -Interactions: antihistamines |
| acetylcysteine | -Upper Respiratory -Classifications: Mucolytics -Use: Trach care and chronic diseases -Interactions: antihistamines |
| albuterol, salmeterol | -Lower Respiratory -Classification: Albuterol (short acting beta agonist) salmeterol (long acting) -Action: stimulates beta adrenergic receptors, relax muscles and open bronchi -Admin: take before gluco -ADRs: Increase vitals -No caffeine |
| ipratropium | -Lower Respiratory -Classification: anticholinergics -Action: blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors, lowering mucus in airways, contract muscle -Precautions: glaucoma and prostatic hypertrophy -Admin: time b/w puffs, 5m inhalants, not emergent med |
| theophylline | -Lower Respiratory -Classification: xanthine derivative bronchodilators -Action: promote bronchodilation -ADRs: Tremors, hyperglycemia -Use: bronchial asthma, bronchitis emphysema -Admin: IV works best |
| beclomethasone, prednisone, fluticasone. budesonide | -Lower Respiratory -Classification: corticosteroids -Action: reduce mast cells, block allergens -ADRs: UR tract infection, fungal mouth infection -Education: talk to prov. if not work, wash mouth, don't swallow |
| cromolyn | -Lower Respiratory -Classification: Mast cell stabilizer -Action: prevent mast cells from releasing mediators -ADRs: throat irritation, dry and nausea -Admin:nebulizer, inhaler, 15m before exercise, not for acute |
| montelukast | -Lower Respiratory -Classification:Leukotriene Modifiers -Action: lower leukotriene, lessen bronchoconstriction -Instruction: do not exercise for 2h, 24 dose. not for attacks -Warning: potential neuropsychiatric events |
| ferrous sulfate/ iron dextrose | -Anemia -Classification: Microcytic anemia -Action: iron replacement, allowing body to carry o2 -ADRs: GI upset, Dextrose associated with seizures and anaphylaxis -Interventions: take with vit c and food -Interactions: Antacids |
| Vit B12, cyanocobalamin | -Anemia -Classification: Vitamin antianemics -Use: pernicious anemia -ADRs: hypocalcemia -Admin: take with folic acid |
| Vit B9, Folic Acid | -Anemia -Classification:Vitamin Antianemics -Action: needed for DNA, RNA synthesis -Use: megaloblastic anemia -Interactions: take with Vit B12 |
| Factor VIII and Factor IX | -Hemophilia -Classification: Antihemophilic Factor -Action: Adding clotting factors to clotting pathway -ADR: anaphylaxis -Hemo A is more common |
| desmopressin | -Hemophilia -Classification: antidiuretic hormone -Action: release stored factor VIII -ADR: Fluid retention and HTN -Instructions: 15-30 min push |
| erythropoietin | -Colony stimulating factor -Classifiaction:Erythropoesis stimulating factor -Action: makes RBCs -ADRs: abnormal clotting and thickening of the blood |
| filgrastim | -Colony stimulating factor -Classification: leukopoietic growth factor -Action: increase leukocytes -ADRs: Bone Pain |
| oprelvekin | -Colony stimulating factor -Classification: Thrombocytic growth factor -Action: increase thrombocytes -ADRs: Thrombosis, abnormal clotting |
| heparin | -Thrombi Dissolver/Preventer -Classification: Antithrombotics -Action: blocks clotting factor Xa -ADRs: Bleeding -Edu:pork derived -Heparin bridge -prophylactic does vs treatment dose -Antidote: protamine sulfate |
| warfarin | -Thrombi Dissolver/Preventer -Classification: Vitamin K antagonist -Action: blocks Vit K activation, stopping clotting cascade -ADRs: Supratherapeutic, bleeding -Antidote: Vit K |
| lisinopril/captopril | -HTN -Classification: ACE inhibitors -Action: Blocks angiotensin II -ADRs: hypotension, angioedema, dry cough -Admin: Take med before food -Edu: start low dose, no K+ supp |
| losartan | -HTN -Classification -Action: Angiotensin II blocked -ADRs: angioedema, dizziness, insomnia -Admin: can take with hydrochlorothiazide |
| amlodipine/nifedipine | -HTN -Classification: Calcium Channel Blockers -Action: vasodilation, increasing HR, BP, and ^ baroreceptor reflex -ADRs: thachy cause angina, flush, lightheaded, arrhythmias -Admin: Take with beta blocker (risk: HF) -no ST john's wort, grapefruit |
| metoprolol, atenolol | -HTN -Classification: Beta Blockers -Action:low contractility, output, reflex tachy, vaso constrict, FR -ADRs: brady, HF, rebound excitation -Edu: don't take HR <50 |
| hydralazine | -HTN -Classification: direct acting vasodilators -Action: only acting on vessels, not affecting HR, venus pressure -ADRs:reflex tachy FR -Interventions: take with diuretic, beta blocker, must taper, start low |
| furosemide | -Fluid Balance -Classification: diuretics -Action: loop diuretic, ^ NaCl in ascending loop, block reabsorption -ADRs: ototoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, ^ uric acid levels -Interactions: ARBs and ACE inhibitors |
| hydrochlorothiazide | -Fluid imbalance -Classification: diuretics -Action: reabsorption of NaCl in distal tubule, first drug in HTN treatment -ADRs: Hypokalemia, dehydration, uric acid levels ^ -Admin: w/ food or milk, last dose 3 pm, daily weights, risk digoxin toxicity |
| spironolactone | -Fluid Imbalance -Classification: diuretic -Action: antagonizes aldosterone -ADRs: endocrine effects, take with food, hyperkalemia |
| digoxin | -HF -Classification: Cardiac Glycosides -Action: increase efficiency and contractility -ADRs: visual disturbance (yellow halo), digitalis toxicity, GI -Interventions: HR <60 |
| dobutamine | -HF -Classification: Sympathomimetics -Action: activates beta1 adrenergic -ADRs: tachy, dysrhythmias, anginal pain -Admin:IV infusion w/ titration |
| epinephrine | -HF -Classification: Adrenergic Agonist -Action: Activate SNS receptors -ADRs: HTN crisis, seizures -Admin: designated IV line |
| vasopressin | -HF -Classification: Antidiuretic Hormone -Action: Shocks vessels, ^ vascular resistance -ADRs: ^BP, arrhythmias, heart block -SAFETY: powerful vasoconstrictor |
| atorvastatin | -Coronary Heart Disease -Classification: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -Action: lowers LDL and triglycerides -ADRs: Myopathy, muscular affects |
| ezetimibe | -Coronary Heart Disease -Classification: Cholesterol absorption inhibitors -Action: lowers total cholesterol including HDL -ADRs- Increase enzyme levels -interactions:CYP3A4 |
| gemfibrozil | -Coronary Heart Disease -Classification: Fibrates antilipemics -Action: lower triglycerides and increase HDL -ADRs: GI. diarrhea, myopathy -Admin: 30 min before dinner |
| alirocumab | -Coronary Heart Disease -Classification: Monoclonal antibody inhibitors antilipemics -Action: protein is blocked, preventing breakdown of LDL receptors -ADRs: angioedema, myopathy |
| nitroglycerin | -Anginal -Classification: Anginal Nitrates -Action: Relax vascular smooth muscle -ADRs: headache orthostatic hypotension. tachy |
| ranolazine | -Anginal -Classification: none -Action: lower cardiac o2 demand and ^ myocardial efficiency -ADRs: QT prolong interval, syncope -Interaction: Grapefruit, alch, dont crush or chew |
| procainamide | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: IA sodium channel blocker -Action slows depolar and prolongs action potential -Use: SVT, VT, Afib -Admin: Supine during IV, 1h before and 2h after meals |
| lidocaine | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: IB sodium channel blockers -Action: treat V, especially after MI -ADRs: CNS toxicity, hypotension |
| propanolol | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: Beta blockers -Action: blocks epi and norepi -Use: SV -Interventions: take vitals |
| amiodarone | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: potassium Channel blockers -Action: prolongs action potential and repolar -Use: VT, and atrial dysrhythmias -ADRs: Pulmonary fibrosis, QT prolongation, photosensitivity/blue skin -Edu: do not skip or stop |
| verapamil | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: calcium channel blockers -Action: ca channels block, decrease cardiac activity -Use: SVT, Afib, Aflutter, PSVT -ADRs: brady, HF -Interventions: Vitals |
| adenosine | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: none -Action: temp blocks conduction of AV node, rapid onset/half life -ADRs: angina, flushing, asystole -Intervention: rapid push |
| atropine | -Dysrhythmias -Classification: none -Action: blocks parasympathetic responses -admin: IV bolus -Edu: dry mouth, blurred vision, fast HR, no driving |
Created by:
Kitchen123