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Nsamaka Nyadu
Anatomy Assignment 2-Week 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is appendicular and its function | Appendicular muscles move the arms and legs by attaching to bones at specific origins and insertions. its function is to create movements such as lifting the arm, bending the elbow, and straightening or bending the knees |
| Define posture and its importance to the body as a whole. | Posture is the way the body holds itself when sitting, standing, or moving.A Good posture keeps helps to reduces stress,prevents back and neck pain, helps you breathe better, improves circulation, and helps your body work more efficiently. |
| what are generalized functions of the nervous system? | Nervous system receives information from inside and outside the body through the senses. It processed and interprets the information to decide what to do. It responds by sending signals to muscles or glands so the body can act, move, or stay balanced |
| what is disorders of nervous system cells | Disorders of nervous system cells is the damage of neurons or myelin, leading to slow messages and movement or memory problems, like in MS, Parkinson’s, or ALS. |
| List the six major divisions of the brain. | The six major brain divisions are the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. |
| The role of the autonomic nervous system and its two major subdivisions | It controls involuntary actions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion. Its two subdivisions are the sympathetic system (fight or flight) and the parasympathetic system (rest and digest), which work together to keep the body balanced. |
| Describe the structure of the cerebrum | It is the largest part of the brain, made of two hemispheres with folded ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci). It has an outer gray matter layer called the cerebral cortex and inner white matter. It controls thinking, memory, senses, and voluntary movement. |
| Describe the receptors for pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception. | Pain(nociceptors) detect tissue damage. Temperature (thermoreceptors) sense heat and cold. Touch receptors (mechanoreceptors) respond to pressure, vibration, and light touch.Proprioceptors in muscles and joints sense body position and movement. |
| Identify the different ways to classify hormones. | By their chemical type (steroid, peptide/protein, amine), by how they act (water-soluble vs. lipid-soluble), and by where they work (local hormones like prostaglandins or circulating hormones that travel in the blood). |
| Identify the most important proteins and other solutes present in blood plasma | The main proteins in blood plasma are albumin (controls fluid balance), globulins (immune support), and fibrinogen (clotting). Other solutes include electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes. |
| Discuss the structure of red blood cells and hemoglobin | Red blood cells are small, biconcave discs with no nucleus. Their shape helps them carry oxygen easily. Hemoglobin is the protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen and carbon dioxide so the blood can transport gases. |
| Describe fetal heart development and structure. | It begins as a simple tube and then folds and separates into four chambers. Because the fetus does not use its lungs yet, it has two special openings, the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus .These allow blood to bypass the lungs until birth. |
| Identify the components and anatomy of the lymphatic system | The lymphatic system includes lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, and tonsils. It returns fluid to the blood and helps defend the body from infection. |
| Discuss the cells of the immune system and their relationship with the lymphatic system | Immune cells include lymphocytes T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. They develop, mature, or work inside the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes, spleen, and lymph vessels help move and filter these cells so they can fight infections. |
| List the generalized functions of the respiratory system | The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body, removes carbon dioxide, helps regulate pH, allows speech, and aids smell. |
| List and locate the organs of the respiratory system. | Upper - Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx. Lower - Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli. |
| Discuss disorders associated with the respiratory tract. | Are asthma (airway tightening), bronchitis (inflamed bronchi), pneumonia (infection in the alveoli), COPD (long-term airway damage), and lung cancer. They make breathing difficult by blocking airways, reducing oxygen exchange, or damaging lung tissue. |
| Identify, describe, and correlate the anatomy of the nose with its specialized functions. | The nose has the nostrils, nasal cavity, septum, conchae and mucous membrane with cilia. They warm, filter, and humidify incoming air. The nasal cavity contains smell receptors. helps clean the air we breathe, protect the lungs, and allow us to smell. |
Created by:
Mimimama3