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Cell Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| EUKARYOTIC cells | Cells that have a nucleus and a membrane that completely surrounds the genetic material or DNA |
| PROKARYOTIC cells | Cells that do not have a nucleus or a membrane around its genetic material, DNA and other proteins float freely around the cytoplasm |
| Organelles | These structures rest in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and carry out specific cell functions |
| Cell membrane | This component of the cell forms, the outermost boundary and surrounds all cells. It is the component that allows material to pass into and out of the cell. |
| Golgi bodies | These organelles package proteins that are to be moved from the inside to the outside of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | A gel like substance inside the cell membrane. It contains the structures that carry out all of the life processes of the cell. |
| Nuclear membrane | This component separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and surrounds the entire nucleus. |
| Nucleolus | The structure is located inside the nucleus and works to produce the ribosomes |
| Chromatin | This part of the cell holds the genetic blueprints or the DNA and is made up of proteins. |
| Nucleus | This organelle directs all Cell activities and contains the genetic material or DNA |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | This organelle moves material from one part of the Cell to another |
| Ribosomes | This is where specific proteins are made. This organelle receives instructions from the nucleus about how and one to make those proteins. |
| Mitochondria | These organelles breakdown, food molecules in order to release energy for eukaryotic cells |
| Vacuoles | This component of the cell stores waste in addition to food and water for later use |
| Lysosomes | These organelles found only in animal cells, contain fluids that digest waste and damaged cell parts |
| Cell wall | This component found only in plant cells is a rigid structure that is outside the cell membrane and provides an extra layer of support and protect protection for the cell |
| Chloroplast | These green organelles are found in the cytoplasm and contain green fluid, called chlorophyll which traps light energy in plant cells only and converts it into chemical energy and sugar |
| Photosynthesis | The process where chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of plant cells use chlorophyll to take in light energy and convert it to chemical energy and sugar |
| Robert Hooke | An English scientist who cut a thin slice of cork and looked at it under a microscope |
| Microscopic | So small that you cannot see it with your eye |
| Organism | A living thing, (plant or animal) |
| The Cell Theory | All organisms are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms, all cells come from cells that already exist. |
| 1665 | Robert Hook examines a slice of cork under a microscope |
| German scientist, Theodor Schwann | Observed animal cells under a microscope and concluded all animal cells are made up of cells |
| German, Dr. Rudolf Virchow | Hypothesized cells divide to form new cells |
| Zacharias Janssen | Created first compound microscope in 1590 |
| Matthias Schleiden | Concluded all plants are made up of cells in 1830 |
| Rudolf Virchow | Concluded that all new cells come from cells that already exist and that cells divide and reproduce to form new cells in 1840 |
| Robert Hooke | Identify little boxes, he saw under the microscope and called themselves in 1665 |
| Theodore Schwann | Concluded all animals were made up of cells |
| The basic unit of structure and function in all organisms is? | Cells |
| Groups of similar cells that work together to do one job are? | Tissues |
| Groups of similar tissues that work together to do one job are? | Organs |
| Groups of similar organs that work together to do one job are? | Oregan systems |
| What is the most important factor that determines the shape of an individual cell? | It’s function |
| What is the relationship between the DNA being surrounded by a membrane and whether the cell is eukaryotic or prokaryotic ? | If the DNA is surrounded by a membrane, then it is a eukaryotic cell, if the DNA is NOT surrounded then it is a prokaryotic cell |
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