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Denice Miranda

Anatomy Week 13

TermDefinition
What is the primary function of the digestive system? To break down food mechanically and chemically so nutrients can be absorbed and used by the body.
Where does digestion begin? In the mouth, with chewing and salivary enzymes.
What enzyme is released by the salivary glands? Salivary amylase, which begins carbohydrate digestion.
What is the main function of the esophagus? To transport food from the mouth to the stomach through periistalsis.
What are the major enzymes released by the stomach? Pepsin (protein digestion) and gastric lipase (fat digestion).
What hormone does the stomach release to stimulate digestion? Gastrin
What is the function of the liver in digestion? Producing bile to emulsify fats.
What organ stores and concentrates bile? The gallbladder
What does the pancreas release to aid digestion? Digestive enzymes (Lipase, protease, amylase) and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
What is the first section of the small intestine? The duodenum
What are the three regions of the small intestine? Duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
Where does most nutrient absorption occur? The jejunum
What structure increases the surface area of the small intestine? Villi and microvilli.
What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)? To absorb water and electrolytes and form feces.
What is the cecum? The first portion of the large intestine where the ileum empties.
What is the function of the rectum? To store feces before elimination.
What is peristalsis? Wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Which nerve helps regulate digestive activity? The vagus nerve (parasympathetic control)
What does the enteric nervous system control? Local digestive reflexes such as motility, secretion and blood flow.
What is the role of bile salts? To break large fat droplets into smaller ones (emulsification) for easier digestion.
Created by: user-1990858
 

 



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