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SCI220 Week 6-13
content covered in weeks 6-12.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Perimysium | tough connective tissue binding together fascicles |
| Epimysium | coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole |
| Perimysium | tough connective tissue binding together fascicles |
| Epimysium | coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole |
| Endomysium | delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers |
| These three fibrous components continue and fuse to become a tendon or aponeurosis; a tendon sheath (lined with synovial membrane) covers some longer tendons (Figure 15-2) | Perimysium, Epimysium, and Endomysium |
| Lever system composed of four component parts: | a. Rigid bar (bone) b. Fulcrum (F) around which the rod moves (joint) c. Load (L) that is moved d. Pull (P) that produces movement (muscle contraction) |
| First-class levers | a. Fulcrum lies between the pull and the load b. Not abundant in the human body; serve as levers of stability |
| Second-class levers | a. Load lies between the fulcrum and the joint at which the pull is exerted |
| Systemic circulation | Blood flow from the left ventricle → body tissues → right atrium. |
| What chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs? | Left atrium |
| SA node (sinoatrial node) | The heart’s natural pacemaker located in the right atrium. |
| This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron. | axon |
| This is the site of communication between neurons. | synapse |
| Schwann cells are located in the: | Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions. | arasympathetic and sympathetic |
| The brain has _____ major divisions. | six |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves? | Hypoglossal and accessory |
| Lymph nodes | Structures that filter lymph and house immune cells like lymphocytes. |
| type of leukocyte primarily responsible for antibody production. | B lymphocytes. |
| Innate immunity | Nonspecific defenses present at birth (e.g., barriers, phagocytes). |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | vitreous humor |
| Where is the coronary sulcus located on the heart? | It encircles the heart between the atria and ventricles, marking the boundary between the upper and lower chambers. |
| Where is the left atrium located in the heart? | On the posterior side of the heart, upper left region; it receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary |
| Where is the base of the heart located? | The superior, broad region of the heart where the great vessels attach; mostly formed by the left atrium. |
| hat and where is the right auricle? | A small, pouch-like extension of the right atrium located on the anterior surface of the heart; increases atrial volume. |
| Where is the right atrium located? | Upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae. |
| Where is the right ventricle and what is its function? | Anterior-facing lower right chamber that pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk toward the lungs. |
| What does the coronary sulcus mark? | A groove that encircles the heart separating the atria from the ventricles and housing coronary vessels. |
| Anterior Interventricular Sulcus | A groove on the front of the heart marking the separation between the right and left ventricles; contains the anterior interventricular artery. |
| Left Ventricle | Lower left chamber of the heart with thick muscular walls that pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and systemic circulation. |
| Diaphragm | the muscle that is the primary driver of inspiration |
| Alveoli | Microscopic air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs. |
| What are the most important proteins found in blood plasma? | Albumins (maintain osmotic pressure), globulins (immune function, transport), and fibrinogen (clotting). |
| what other solutes are commonly present in blood plasma besides proteins? | Electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺), nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids), gases (O₂, CO₂), hormones, and waste products (urea, creatinine). |
| Structure of a red blood cell (RBC). | Biconcave disc, anucleate, flexible membrane, about 7–8 µm in diameter; allows gas exchange and passage through capillaries. |
| hemoglobin | s a protein in RBCs composed of four globin chains each with a heme group; it binds and transports oxygen and CO₂. |
| How are white blood cells classified? | Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes |
| main characteristics of each WBC type | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes |
| organ produces bile | liver |
| Basal metabolic rate (BMR) | Energy required to maintain life-sustaining body functions at rest. |
| Catabolism | Chemical reactions that break down molecules and release energy. |
| Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation. |
| Nose & nasal cavity | external and internal structures in the face and skull |
| Pharynx | posterior to nasal and oral cavities |
| Larynx: | anterior neck, connects pharynx to trachea |
| Trachea | anterior to esophagus in the neck and superior thorax |
| Bronchi | branching from the trachea into each lung |
| Lungs | in thoracic cavity, protected by rib cage and pleura |
| Bronchioles & alveoli | within the lungs |
| Nasal cavity | divided by nasal septum; lined with mucosa |
| Nasal conchae | superior, middle, inferior; increase surface area, humidify and filter air |
Created by:
chamepaula_lee