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Idioms ENG 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| business format franchise | the type of franchise which includes not only the product ,service and trademark but the complete method to conduct the business such as the marketing plan and operation manuals |
| product distribution franchise | franchise where the franchisee simply sells the franchiser's products without using the franchiser's method of conducting business |
| manufacturing franchise | franchise which is licensed by the parent company to produce and distribute its products, using supplies bought from the franchiser |
| UFOC | the Uniform Franchise Offering Circular, a format for the disclosure which provides information about the franchiser and franchise system to the prospective franchise |
| disclosure statement | the disclosure document which provides information about franchiser and franchise system |
| franchise | a license that describe the relationship between the franchiser and franchisee including use of trademarks, fees, support and control |
| franchise agreement | the legal, written contract between the franchiser and franchisee which tells each side what to do |
| franchisee | the person or company that gets the right from the franchiser to do business under the franchiser's trademark or trade name |
| franchising | a method of business expansion characterized by a trademark license, payment of fees and significant assistance and/or control |
| franchiser | the person or company that grants the franchisee the right to do business under their trademark or trade name |
| royalty | the regular payment made by franchisee to the franchiser , usually based on a percentage of the franchisee's gross sales |
| area franchise | the type of relationship which allows the franchisee to open multiple locations, usually in difined territory within a pre-agreed upon timeline |
| encroachment | term describing a situation where any franchesee or the franchiser attempting to sell product or services within an area of territory that has been assigned to another owner |
| breakaway franchisee | a franchisee who has unilaterally terminated their franchise agreement |
| conversion franchising | the process by which exisiting independent business or dealers within an industry become franchisees when they assume the trade name and trade dress of the franchiser |
| book profit | a profit as shown in a company's accounts |
| paper profit | an increase in the value of an investment, which is not an actual amount of money unless the investment is sold |
| distributable profit | the amount of company's profit that is available to pay dividends to shareholders in a particular period |
| attributable profit | a company's profit for a particular period of time that is owed to shareholders and is either paid as dividends or kept as reserves |
| consolidated profit | in a group of companies , the total profit from all the companies in the group for a particular period of time |
| operating profit | profit relating to company's normal activities of providing goods and services |
| gain | the financial profit that a person or company makes |
| windfall | a profit gained from unexpected or unusual event |
| proceeds | all the money that you get from selling something |
| return | the total profit that you get as a result of putting your money to a bank, company etc, |
| surplus | the amount of money that remains after a company has paid all its costs, wages etc. |
| yield | the exact amount of profit that you get as a result of lending money to a company, government etc. |
| debt burden | amount of debt that country has, seen as a problem |
| debt service | making repayment on a dent |
| debt justice | the idea that people should be treated equitably and fairly |
| debt restructuring/rescheduling | process when lenders agree that a debt can be repaid in a different way or a different time |
| debt relief | situation when lenders agree that debt do not need to be repaid |
| debt collection | the activity of making individuals and business pay debts, usually ones that they have not paid on time or that they are refusing to pay |
| debt consolidation | the process of taking out a new loan (often secured on one's property) in order to pay off a number of existing debts |
| conglomeration | two companies that have no common business areas |
| premium | an additional amount of money above standard amount or rate reduction |
| consolidation | reduction in companies in a sector through merger increase |
| streamlining | increase in efficiency often resulting in cost savings |
| market capitalization | the total value of all shares on a stock market at a particular time |
| vertical merger | joining of customer and company or a supplier and company |
| forward integration | a merger whit the acquisition of one's market outlets |
| backward integration | a merger whit the acquisition of one's suppliers |
| stock swap | a merger that only involves the exchange of company's shares |
| market-extension merger | two companies that sell the same product in different markets |
| "junk" bonds | a bond that has high rate of interest but a high risk of not being repaid |
| outstanding shares | all of company's shares that currently exist and are held by shareholders |
| due diligence | when a company thinking of buying another looks carefully at its accounts as it must do by law before the deal can be agreed |
| product-extension merger | two companies selling different but related products in the same market |
| horizontal merger | two companies that are in direct competition and share the same product lines and markets |
| a raid | buying another company's shares on the stock exchange , hoping to persuade enough other shareholders to sell to take control of the company |
| synergy | term used to describe that combined production is greater than the sum of the separate parts |
| a takeover bid | public offer to company's shareholders to buy their share at a particular price during a particular period so as to acquire a company |
| common/ordinary stock | a stock that represent ownership in a company , if the company is in financial difficulty, dividends on this stock are made only after those made on some other types of stock, such as preference stock |
| blue-chip stock | a stock in a well-managed company whit a large amount of paid-up capital and long record of paying profits to shareholders during good and bed economic conditions |
| volatile stock | a stock that moves up and down in value quickly and by large amounts |
| convertible stock | a type of a company's stock that may be exchanged for another under certain conditions |
| preference/preferred stock | a stock on which , if a company is in financial difficulty , dividends may still be paid even if they are not paid on ordinary or common stocks |
| watered stock | a stock offered to investors by a company at much higher prices than they are actually worth |
| red-chip stock | a stock in Chinese company that is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange |
| sleeper stock | a small stock that has not been performing particularly well, but that may do well in the future |
| voting stocks | a stocks in a company that gives the person who owns it the right to vote at the company's general meeting |
| widow-and-orphan stock | a stock that pays high dividends and is generally considered to carry low risk |
| arbitrage | buying and selling shares of two companies involved in a takeover in order to make a profit from differences in the share values of the two companies |
| registered bond | a bond that has the name of the holder officially recorded by the company that has issued it |
| Eurodollar bond | a bond issued by non-european entity in the european market in euro-dollar denomination |
| convertible bond | a bond that can be repaid by a company in the form of shares in the company |
| bulldog bond | a bond issued in pounds on the British markets by a non-British borrower |
| Samurai bond | a bond issued in yen on the Japanese market by non-Japanese borrower |
| Yankee bond | a bond issued by non-Us entity in the US market in US dollar denomination |
| Kiwi bond | a type of security offered and backed by government of New Zealand |
| Kangaroo(Matilda) bond | a type of foreign bond issued in the Australian market by non-Australian firm and is denominated in Australian dollars. |
| Shogun bond | a type of bond that is issued in Japan by foreign entities (including corporations, financial institutions) and denominated in currency other than yen |
| Maple bond | a bond denominated in Canadian dollars that is sold in Canada by foreign financial institutions and companies |
| municipal bond | a bond issued by a state or local government authority, usually in the USA |
| gilt-edged stock gilts | bonds issued by British government |
| "strip" bond | a bond bought at well below its actual value and does not pay interest during its life but gain is made when it is resold |
| corporate bond | a bond issued by a company |
| sovereign bonds | debt securities issued by a government to raise capital for spending needs, such as on government programs and paying down debt |
| "junk" bonds | a bond that has high rate of interest but high risk of not repaid |
| principal | the amount of capital making up a loan |
| credit rating | an estimation of borrower's solvency or ability to pay debts |
| default | non-payments of interest or a loan at scheduled time |
| maturity date | the date when a bond has to be repaid |
| fallen angels | bonds of companies were previously in a good situation |
| coupon | the amount of interest that a bond pays medium term 2-10years |
| yield | the rate of income an investor receives form a security |
| Treasury bonds | long-term bonds issued by the American government |
| Treasury notes | bonds issued by the American government |
| Treasury bill | a short-term financial instrument issued by the US Treasury whit a maturity of less than a one year |
| import tariff | tariff on goods coming into a country form abroad, often used as a way of reducing imports and protecting local industries |
| ad valorem tariff | a tariff varies depending on the value of the goods |
| retaliatory tariff | an extra tariff charged on goods going into or out of a country introduced because a country has done business in an illegal way |
| multiple tariff | a tariff with different rates that depend on a country the goods are coming from |
| compound tariff | a tariff whit two parts depends on the parts, one that depends on the value, and one that is a fixed amount |
| protective tariff | the tariff aimed at controlling the amount of foreign goods entering a country , protecting home producers from foreign competition |
| patent cliff | sharp decline in revenue of profitability when a firm's patents expire, opening them up to competition |
| Saturday night special | a sudden attempt by one company to take over another one by making a public tender offer |
| raider | an organization or a person that attempts to exploit a company with undervalued assets by making a hostile takeover bid |
| down raid | when a firm or investor aims to buy a substantial holding in a takeover-target company's equity by instructing brokers to buy the shares as soon as the stock market opens |
| bear hug | to squeeze the directors into submission |
| shark repellent | strategies that a company can use when it doesn't want to be taken over: includes affecting the value of the target's stock in some way |
| golden parachute | discouraging an unwanted takeover by offering lucrative benefits to the current top executive who may lose their job if the company is taken by another firm |
| green mail | situation when a large block of stock is held by an unfriendly company or raider who then forces the target company repurchase the stock at a substantial premium to destroy any takeover attempt |
| people pill | situation when management threatens that in the event of a takeover, management team will resign in same time, and masse |
| poison pill | situation when the target company aims at making its owns stock less attractive to the acquirer |
| flip-in poison pill | situation when existing shareholders are allowed to buy more shares at a discount and the goal is to dilute the shares held by the bidder and make the takeover bid expensive and difficult |
| flip-over poison pill | situation when the stockholders buy the acquirers' shares at a discounted price in the event of a merger |
| suicide pill | term referring to the chance that the takeover-target company may take actions which may lead to its ultimate destruction |
| macaroni defence | a tactic by which the target company issues a large number of bonds that come whit the guarantee that they will be redeemed at a higher price if the company is taken over |
| scorched-earth defence | a form of risk arbitrage and anti-takeover strategy whereby a target firm makes an effort to make it unattractive to the hostile bidder |
| crowned jewels | valuable assets |
| Nancy Regan Defence | a tactic when the board of the directors of the target company meets to consider the bid, they "just say no" |
| Lady Macbeth strategy | a corporate-takeover strategy whit which a third party poses as a white knight to gain trust , but then turns around and joins with unfrendly bidders |
| Pac-Man defence | a tactic when a company that is under a hostile takeover acquires its would-be buyer |
| Black Knight | a company that tries to take control of another company by offering to buy large numbers of its shares |
| White knight | a company which offers the target firm a way out whit a frendly takeover |
| war chest | reserve of cash a corporation sets aside to attempt a takeover or to defend against a hostile takeover |
| White Squire | company which helps the target firm whit the ihflux of capital by buying a minority interest but does not guarantee successful defence |
| Grey Knight | company which tries to worm into the deal through any cracks in the relationship between the first bidder and the target |
| Yellow Knight | firm that goes from attempting a hostile takeover to discussing a merger |
| sleeping beauty | company which is a valuable takeover target but has not been approached yet |
| against a brick wall | to not be able to continue an activity or do something you want to do |
| on your doorstep | in someone's care: as someone's responsibility |
| on the tiles | to enjoy yourself by going to things like parties or dances |
| to lay the foundation | to produce the basic ideas or structures from which something much larger develops |
| to have foundation | to have the basis or groundwork of anything |
| a foot in the door | to complete the first step in a process |
| to hit the roof | to suddenly become very angry |
| through the back door | illegally of dishonestly |
| like a ton of bricks | like a great weight or burden |
| to cement relationship | to make a relationship, idea etc. stronger or more certain |
| to clean up your own backyard | to rid (something) of dirt, filth, or other impurities |
| to tower over | to be much greater or more important than |
| a geteway to success | something which gives the opportunitity to make progress or get further success in that activity |
| keys to improvement | most important ways to improve |
| a window to/on | (to offer) something that makes it possible to see or understand something clearly |
| symptom | sign/indicator |
| to diagnose | to identify/conclude |
| illness | malaise |
| medical history | track record |
| course of treatment | culture/regime |
| life-style | policy/strategy |
| recovery | turn-around |
| health | stability/success |
| medical consultant | business doctor |
| terminally-ill patient | lame duck |
| ailing/sick | having a lot of problems, especially financial |
| anaemic | weak, ineffective |
| surgery | structural feform or distorted economic parts |
| to heal wounds | to recover from a damaging experience |
| cripple | to damage on organization so severely that it become impossible to function normally |
| suffer | to experience something very unpleasant of painful |
| paralysed | unable to function or improve at all |
| to give a clean bill of health | an assurance that something is in good position |
| growing | become more important or serious |
| to come to fruition | to produce results |
| to sow the seeds | to deliberately start or create |
| green shoots | signs of improvements |
| thorny | very difficult |
| to dig out | to discover facts that have been lost, hidden or kept a secret |
| to stem from | to arise from |
| to plough into | to invest a lot of something in order to improve it or make it successful |
| to weed out | to remove, take out from a group that are not good enough |
| to cut back on | to reduce the amount of something that you use to thrive |
| to flourish | to be very successful |
| to branch out into | to expand, diversity |
| bear fruit | good results from your effort |
Created by:
Iv3008