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Anatomy Stack 2

QuestionAnswer
What are the major axial muscles of the head and neck? Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius.
What is the primary function of the biceps brachii? Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
Name three major muscles of the posterior leg. Gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior.
Which muscles are responsible for inspiration? Diaphragm and external intercostals.
What does CNS stand for, and what does it include? Central Nervous System; includes the brain and spinal cord.
What does PNS stand for, and what does it include? Peripheral Nervous System; includes all nerves outside the CNS.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).
What type of neurons carry signals to the CNS? Sensory (afferent) neurons.
What type of neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands? Motor (efferent) neurons.
What structure in the eye controls the amount of light entering? Iris.
Which part of the ear is responsible for balance? Semicircular canals in the inner ear.
Which endocrine gland regulates metabolism? Thyroid gland.
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose? Insulin.
Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress? Epinephrine (adrenaline).
What are the four chambers of the heart? Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium? Mitral (bicuspid) valve.
What is the function of red blood cells? Transport oxygen using hemoglobin.
What is the difference between arteries and veins? Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward the heart.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system? Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and transport fats from the digestive system.
Name the primary lymphoid organs. Bone marrow and thymus.
Name the secondary lymphoid organs. Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue).
What type of immune response involves B cells and antibody production? Humoral immunity.
What type of immune response involves T cells attacking infected cells? Cell-mediated immunity.
What is the primary muscle of inspiration? Diaphragm.
What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? Alveoli.
Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? Epiglottis.
What is tidal volume? The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
Created by: user-1989142
 

 



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