Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle System Functions | movement, protect, maintain posture, valves, stabilizes joints, control pupil size, heat (contract), & goosebumps |
| Epimysium | sheath of dense, irr. CT covering the entire muscle |
| Perimysium | middle layer surrounding fascicle |
| Endomysium | A thin CT of collagen & reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber/cell |
| Skeletal Muscle | made out of muscle fascicles |
| Muscle Fibers | made out of myofibrils |
| Smooth Reticulum (SR) | smooth ER that stores, releases, & retrieve Ca++ |
| T-tubules | sarcolemma extensions into deep of the muscle fiber |
| Terminal Cisternae | SR that adjacent to T tubule |
| Triad | 2 terminal cistenae |
| I band | light band |
| MT features | Excitability, Elasticity, Extensibility, & Contractibility |
| Excitability | sends an electrical wave (action potential along the entire length of membrane) |
| Extensibility | stretch/expand |
| Elasticity | return back to its original length |
| Contractibility | pull on attachment points & shorten with force |
| Neuromuscular Junction | site where a motor neuron's terminal meets the muscle fibers |
| NMJ 1st step | neural action potential arrives @ NMJ |
| NMJ 2nd step | Axon releases neurotransmitter ACh |
| NMJ 3rd step | ACh diffuse to synaptic cleft & bind to ACh receptors at motor end plate |
| NMJ 4th step | Depolarization: Na+ channels open (end plate potential) and Na come in to the muscle |
| NMJ 5th step | triggers voltage-gated channel Na+ channels to open along the Sarcolemma, creating a muscle action potential that spread across the entire muscle fiber |
| NMJ 6th step | The action potential travels along down the T-tubules, reaching the SR |
| NMJ 7th step | SR release Ca++ from voltage gated channels into the sarcoplasm to start contraction |
| NMJ 8th step | The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks down ACh so the muscle doesn’t stay contracted. |
| NMJ 9th step | repolarization |
| Muscle Fiber Contraction | When Ca++ is released from SR, it binds to troponin, Myosin heads attach. When ATP binds, it detach from action, and process is repeat |
| Sarcomere | smallest contractile unit in the muscle fiber |
| Motor Signal | signal for contraction to muscle |
| Contraction | release Ca++ from SR |
| Motor Unit | Both neuron & the muscle fibers it innervate (deliver the signals) |
| Motor neuron | carry the motor signal; can send the same signal for multiple muscles |
| Neuromuscular Junction | connection between the motor neuron & muscle |
| Tropomyosin | acts as the physical barrier between actin and myosin |
| ATP | needed to break the cross-bridge |
| Power stroke | Myosin pulls actin towards the M line |
| Power stroke | When ADP runs out, Myosin rapidly snaps back to its default position |
| Ca++ pump | move Ca++ back to SR |
| Muscle Twitch | Latent (Excitation) Period , Contraction Period, & Relaxation Period |
| Muscle Twitch | one contraction from one action potential |
| Latent period | time needed to open Na+ gate @ motor-end plate generate ATP, motive it down to T-tubue & relaxes Ca++ ions; AP is being propagated along the Sarcolemma & Ca++ is being released from the SR (5mm sec) |
| Contraction period | Cross-bridge cycle (20mm sec) |
| Relaxation period | Time needed to pump Ca++ back to SR |
| ATP | pump Ca++ back to SR |
| ATP | Na+/K+ pump |
| Creatine Phosphate | Fast way to produce ATP; short lasting (40 sec) & emergency use |
| Aerobic Respiration | require O2, uses glucose, fat/lipids & proteins to generate ATP; 1 glucose - 32 ATP; takes very long time |
| Anaerobic Respiration | works in low O2 conditions; only use glucose; 1 glucose - 2 ATP; Fast in producing ATP but unsustainable |
| Excitation | Ca++ out of the SR |
| Relaxation | Ca+ pump move Ca++ back to SR; Troponin restore its shape & Tropomyosin blocks myosin from actin |
| MP Depolarization | Contraction; Na+ enter; inside is less negative/positive |
| MP Repolarization | Relaxation; K+ exit; inside goes back to negative |
| Vesicles | inside the axon terminals; contains Acetylcholine ACh |
| Na+ gated channels | rest on the Sarcolemma |
| Ca++ gated channels | rest on the axon terminal |
| MP at rest | + out & - in; Na+ out & K+ in; -70 mV |
| Sliding Filament Model | Myosin pulls the actin toward the M line during contraction |
Created by:
FuirzH