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7-1 Compounds Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pure substance | any substance that cannot be separated by physical means |
| Name the two types of pure substances | elements and compounds |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture that has one phase and is uniform throughout |
| compound | a substance made of two or more elements in a fixed ratio; it can only be broken down by chemical means |
| ion | an atom in which the protons and electrons do not equal each other |
| cation | an atom that has less electrons than protons; it has a positive charge |
| anion | an atom that has more electrons than protons; it has a negative charge |
| ionic compound | a compound made up of cations and anions whose net charge equals zero |
| ionic bond | the transfer of electrons from one atom to another resulting in an electrostatic attraction |
| covalent bond | the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| subscript | the small number written in the lower right which indicates the number of atoms of that element present in a chemical formula |
| superscript | the small number written in the upper right which indicates the charge on the atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion) |
| formula unit | the smallest ratio of ions that results in a net zero charge for the ionic compound |
| chemical formula | a shorthand method of communicating the composition of a compound using element symbols and numbers |
| monatomic ion | an ion made up of only one element (found on the periodic table) |
| polyatomic ion | two or more elements that are covalently bonded but have an unequal number of protons and electrons causing the entire molecule to have a charge |
| nomenclature | fancy chemistry word that means system for naming |
| binary compound | a compound that is made up of exactly two kinds of elements; it can be ionic or covalent |
| ammonium ion | the only positive polyatomic ion with the formula of NH4+ |
| criss cross method | The charge on the cation becomes the subscript for the anion, and the charge on the anion becomes the subscript for the cation |
| stock method | the use of Roman numerals to indicate the CHARGE of the cation in an ionic compound |
| main group elements | the 8 columns on the periodic table that exclude the transition elements which have a predictable charge; Groups 1-2 and 13-18 |
| formula mass | the mass of one molecule or formula unit of a compound measured in amu |
| mono- | one |
| di- | two |
| tri- | three |
| tetra- | four |
| penta- | five |
| hexa- | six |
| hepta- | seven |
| octa | eight |
| nona- | nine |
| deca- | ten |
Created by:
vcanfield
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