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Anatomy weeks 6-12
Anatomy stack 2weeks 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: | opponens pollicis. |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? | Femoris , Rectus |
| True or False The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominis from the xiphoid process to the pubis | True |
| Which muscle does not move the upper arm? | Trapezius |
| Which muscle has fibers on a transverse plane? | Transverse Abdominis |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: | Posterior thigh |
| Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): | Muscle fiber |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. | Circular |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight | 50 % |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? | Biceps brachii |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? | Flexor |
| Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? | Sacrospinalis |
| True or False The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. | True |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? | Pectoralis Mionr |
| The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: | anterior medial surface of the forearm |
| True or False Fascia is a general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and around muscle. | True |
| True or false Most muscles span a joint. | True |
| The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its: | Points of attachment |
| The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. | Spiral |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: | perimysium |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: | endomysium. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Astrocytes attach to: | neurons, blood vessels |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | Cell bodies |
| Multipolar neurons have: | multiple dendrites and one axon. |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| In the human nervous system: | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| The nervous system can be divided: | according to its structure., according to direction of information flow and by control of effectors. |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | Multipolar |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | Astrocytes |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | Astrocytes |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | Nuclei |
| The brainstem does not include the: | Cerebellum |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| The cervical plexus: | is found deep in the neck.,is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5, includes the phrenic nerve. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal, and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| Beta receptors: | bind norepinephrine |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | Sensory |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the: | Accessory |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | Medulla |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves? | Hypoglossal and accessory |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells | tectorial membrane |
| The basilar membrane supports the | Spiral organ |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | Beta cells |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | Thyroid gland |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | Thyroid and parathyroids |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | Conjuntiva |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum. |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | The thyroid |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | Iodine |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | Thymus gland |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. | Oval window |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye | vitreous humor |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | Adrenal gland |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | Receiving chambers |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | Pelvis |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| The structural components of the circulatory system include the: | Heart and blood vessels |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | Semilunar valves |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | Leukopenia |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | Systemic |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes? | Erythrocyte |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | Left atrium |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | Capillaries |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid. | lower; proteins |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | have thinner walls, contain more valves.,contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. |
| Hassall corpuscles are part of the: | Thymus |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | Cell mediated |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | Thymocytes |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of: | Viruses and bacteria |
| The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple and lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _____ tonsils. | pharyngeal |
| The cisterna chyli: | originates in the thoracic duct. |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: | subclavian veins |
| The spleen is located in the _____ region | left hypochondriac |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | Skin |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | Thymus |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | Epiglottis |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: | Thyroid cartridge |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | Throat |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | Air |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | Conchae |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: | Septum |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx |
| The total number of lobes in both lungs is: | 5 |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are | bronchioles |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | Oropharynx |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx. |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure. |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
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bopelousas