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pharmacology 16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Otosclerosis | disease of the middle ear where abnormal bone growth occurs around the stapes |
| Sudden sensorineural hearing loss | Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is a medical emergency characterized by a rapid, unexplained loss of hearing, usually in one ear, occurring within hours to a few days. It often presents with tinnitus, dizziness, or a sensation of ear fullness, |
| Autoimmune hearing loss (e.g., multiple sclerosis) | body’s immune system mistakenly attacks structures of the inner ear leading to hearing loss |
| Tinnitus | - disease or symptom, May be sign of ototoxicity caused by presbycusis, drug use, or noise ringing in ears |
| Presbycusis | age related hearing loss |
| ototoxicity | drug-induced damage to the inner ear |
| Sense organs for balance or equilibrium | Vestibule / Semicircular canals of the labyrinth: |
| Vertigo | Balance disorder caused by neural mismatch or sensory conflict |
| Ménière’s disease | Chronic inner ear disease Intermittent buildup of fluid in inner ear Tinnitus, progressive nerve deafness, vertigo |
| Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo | Result of trauma to ear, infection, or degeneration of otolith organs Shifting of otoliths produces vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus |
| Diuretics | reduce fluid accumulation in the ear and other body fluids. in the treatment of Ménière’s disease |
| Aminoglycoside antiinfectives (gentamicin, streptomycin) | reduce symptoms of Ménière’s disease. They work by damaging or suppressing vestibular hair cells, which can reduce vertigo attacks. Controversial use: These drugs are ototoxic |
| Auralgia (otalgia) caused by: Otitis externa Otitis media Swimmer’s ear Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder Abscessed teet | ear pain: caused by: Otitis externa Otitis media Swimmer’s ear Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder Abscessed teeth |
| otitis externa | swimmers ear caused by Inflammation and infection of external ear Prolonged exposure to water Damage to lining of ear canal Acute pain, itching, foul-smelling discharge |
| •Topical analgesics •Local anesthetics •Oral analgesics •Corticosteroids | Treatment of Auralgia |
| Cerumen/earwax | Reduces the risk for bacterial infections in the ear •Repels water and help to keep the ear dry •Provides a barrier to entry of airborne substances (dust, insects) into the ear canal •Lubricates the skin of the external ear canal |
| aura Dri- | non-prescription drying agent used for water-clogged ears Isopropyl alcohol+ glycerine |
| Ceruminolytics | treat cerumen (earwax) impaction. Their purpose is to loosen, soften, or break down earwax |
| Emollients: | Soften the wax, enabling it to slide out of the ear |
| Carbamide peroxide: | Breaks up the earwax and bubbles away the debris |
| treats otitis externa | Antiinfective + corticosteroid: |
| Glucocorticosteroids | treats autoimmune hearing loss suppress immune activity, reduce inflammation, and help preserve hearing. |
| Meclizine | commonly used for motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea. Its anticholinergic and sedative properties |
| Meclizine side effects | drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and respiratory effects. |
| Scopolamine Transderm V | It is an anticholinergic drug used to prevent motion sickness and postoperative nausea/vomiting delivered via a transdermal patch. |
| High doses of aspirin (salicylates) are a well-known cause | drug-induced tinnitus. |
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