Question 1

DATABASE

Accepted Answer

organized collection of STRUCTURED
INFORMATION, or DATA, typically stored ELECTRONICALLY in a computer system.

Question 2

DATA

Accepted Answer

made up of small FACTS without CONTEXT

Question 3

STRUCTURED DATA

Accepted Answer

data that FITS neatly into data tables and includes DISCRETE DATA types such as NUMBERS, SHORT TEXT, and DATES

Question 4

UNSTRUCTURED DATA

Accepted Answer

data that DOESN'T FIT neatly into a data table because its size or nature: for example, AUDIO, and VIDEO files and large TEXT DOCUMENTS

Question 5

INFORMATION

Accepted Answer

If you GIVE data context, then you have
information. Knowledge is gained when information is
consumed and used for decision making

Question 6

METADATA

Accepted Answer

DATA about data, PROVIDING context and details
about a DATA set, OBJECT, or RESOURCE, like author, creation
date, file size, or keywords

Question 7

FILE PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Accepted Answer

TRADITIONAL  methods for STORING and MANAGING
data using individual computer files. 
Data is STORED in files, which can be organized into DIRECTORIES  or FOLDERS.

Question 8

Disadvantages of

Accepted Answer

File Processing

Question 9

PROGRAM-DATA DEPENDENCE

Accepted Answer

ALL programs MAINTAIN metadata for EACH file they use

Question 10

DUPLICATION OF DATA

Accepted Answer

DIFFERENT systems/programs have SEPARATE copies of the SAME
data

Question 11

LIMITED DATA SHARING

Accepted Answer

NO centralized control of data

Question 12

LENGTHY DEVELOPMENT TIMES

Accepted Answer

PROGRAMMERS must design their OWN file formats

Question 13

EXCESSIVE PROGRAM MAINTENANCE

Accepted Answer

80% of information systems budget. HEAVY program maintenance load in organizations that relied
on traditional file processing systems.

Question 14

DATABASE APPROACH

Accepted Answer

CENTRAL repository of shared data, DATA is managed by a controlling agent, STORED in a STANDARDIZED, convenient form

Question 15

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Accepted Answer

Software system that is USED to CREATE, MAINTAIN, and provide controlled access to user databases

Question 16

ADVANTAGES OF THE DATABASE APPROACH

Accepted Answer

Program-data independence, Planned data redundancy, Improved data consistency, Improved data sharing, Increased application development productivity

Question 17

ADVANTAGES OF THE DATABASE APPROACH

Accepted Answer

Enforcement of standards, Improved data quality, Improved data accessibility and responsiveness, Reduced program maintenance,  
Improved decision support

Question 18

COSTS & RISKS of the DATABASE APPROACH

Accepted Answer

New, specialized personnel, Installation and management cost and complexity, Conversion costs,  Need for explicit backup and recovery, Organizational conflict

Question 19

DATA MODELS

Accepted Answer

GRAPHICAL SYSTEM capturing nature and relationship of data
EDM - high-level, integrated framework that provides a unified view of an organization’s data
PDM -  detailed representation of the data requirements and structures

Question 20

ENTITIES

Accepted Answer

NOUN form describing a person, place, object, event, or concept
COMPOSED of attributes

Question 21

RELATIONSHIPS

Accepted Answer

BETWEEN entities 
Usually one-to-many (1:M) or many-to-many (M:N)

Question 22

RELATIONAL DATABASES

Accepted Answer

Database technology involving TABLES (relations) REPRESENTING entities and primary/foreign keys representing RELATIONSHIPS

Question	Answer
DATABASE	organized collection of STRUCTURED INFORMATION, or DATA, typically stored ELECTRONICALLY in a computer system.
DATA	made up of small FACTS without CONTEXT
STRUCTURED DATA	data that FITS neatly into data tables and includes DISCRETE DATA types such as NUMBERS, SHORT TEXT, and DATES
UNSTRUCTURED DATA	data that DOESN'T FIT neatly into a data table because its size or nature: for example, AUDIO, and VIDEO files and large TEXT DOCUMENTS
INFORMATION	If you GIVE data context, then you have information. Knowledge is gained when information is consumed and used for decision making
METADATA	DATA about data, PROVIDING context and details about a DATA set, OBJECT, or RESOURCE, like author, creation date, file size, or keywords
FILE PROCESSING SYSTEMS	TRADITIONAL methods for STORING and MANAGING data using individual computer files. Data is STORED in files, which can be organized into DIRECTORIES or FOLDERS.
Disadvantages of	File Processing
PROGRAM-DATA DEPENDENCE	ALL programs MAINTAIN metadata for EACH file they use
DUPLICATION OF DATA	DIFFERENT systems/programs have SEPARATE copies of the SAME data
LIMITED DATA SHARING	NO centralized control of data
LENGTHY DEVELOPMENT TIMES	PROGRAMMERS must design their OWN file formats
EXCESSIVE PROGRAM MAINTENANCE	80% of information systems budget. HEAVY program maintenance load in organizations that relied on traditional file processing systems.
DATABASE APPROACH	CENTRAL repository of shared data, DATA is managed by a controlling agent, STORED in a STANDARDIZED, convenient form
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM	Software system that is USED to CREATE, MAINTAIN, and provide controlled access to user databases
ADVANTAGES OF THE DATABASE APPROACH	Program-data independence, Planned data redundancy, Improved data consistency, Improved data sharing, Increased application development productivity
ADVANTAGES OF THE DATABASE APPROACH	Enforcement of standards, Improved data quality, Improved data accessibility and responsiveness, Reduced program maintenance, Improved decision support
COSTS & RISKS of the DATABASE APPROACH	New, specialized personnel, Installation and management cost and complexity, Conversion costs, Need for explicit backup and recovery, Organizational conflict
DATA MODELS	GRAPHICAL SYSTEM capturing nature and relationship of data EDM - high-level, integrated framework that provides a unified view of an organization’s data PDM - detailed representation of the data requirements and structures
ENTITIES	NOUN form describing a person, place, object, event, or concept COMPOSED of attributes
RELATIONSHIPS	BETWEEN entities Usually one-to-many (1:M) or many-to-many (M:N)
RELATIONAL DATABASES	Database technology involving TABLES (relations) REPRESENTING entities and primary/foreign keys representing RELATIONSHIPS

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