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Samaneh Hamidi
Anatomy week 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do axial muscles differ from appendicular muscles? | Axial muscles support and stabilize the head, neck, and trunk, helping maintain posture. Appendicular muscles control movements of the arms and legs, allowing functional mobility. |
| What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system, and what do they do? | Neurons transmit electrical signals across the body, while neuroglia provide support, protection, and nourishment for neurons. |
| What is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)? | The CNS processes information from the body and environment, integrates it, and directs appropriate responses. It’s essentially the body’s control center. |
| What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? | The sensory (afferent) division, which brings information to the CNS, and the motor (efferent) division, which sends instructions to muscles and glands. |
| How does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in daily life? | The ANS regulates involuntary processes like heart rate, digestion, and breathing without conscious effort, keeping my body in balance even when I’m not thinking about it. |
| Which organs detect the senses, and how does the endocrine system interact with them? | Eyes detect light, ears detect sound, and skin senses touch. Endocrine glands, like the pancreas and thyroid, release hormones that influence metabolism, growth, and stress responses, linking my senses to my body’s internal state. |
| What are the three layers of the heart wall, and why are they important? | Epicardium (outer layer, protective), myocardium (middle muscular layer, contracts to pump blood), and endocardium (inner layer, lines chambers). They work together to ensure efficient circulation. |
| What is the function of arteries and veins? | Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body, while veins return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. This keeps my circulation continuous and balanced. |
| How do lymph nodes support the immune system? | Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, trap pathogens, and activate lymphocytes to fight infection. They act like the body’s natural defense checkpoints. |
| What are B cells and T cells, and how do they work together? | B cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens, while T cells destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune response. Together, they protect me from illness every day. |
| How does the CNS communicate with the PNS? | The CNS sends and receives electrical signals through the PNS, allowing my body to respond to the environment, like moving my hand away from a hot surface. |
| What role do sensory receptors play in the body? | They detect changes like temperature, pressure, and light, sending signals to the CNS so I can react appropriately to my surroundings. |
| Why is understanding axial and appendicular muscles important for nursing? | Knowing these muscles helps me assist patients safely with mobility, transfers, and posture, preventing injuries and promoting recovery. |
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samanehh