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Unit 2
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define radioactivity. | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. |
| Define radioisotope/radioactive isotope. | Any atom containing an unstable nucleus. |
| Define nuclear reactions. | Contain an emission of a large amount of energy. Not affected by changes in temp, pressure, or the presence of catalysts. Cannot speed up or slow down nuclear reactions. |
| Define fission. | The splitting of an atomic nucleus into 2 smaller parts. Large amounts of energy can be produced from very small amounts of mass. Produces neutrons that can react with other atoms creating a chain reaction. |
| What are some uses of fission? | It is used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity by heating water to form steam that turns a turbine. The waste from nuclear power takes millions of years to break down into stable isotopes. |
| Define fusion, | The process by which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus. Produces more energy than fission. |
| What are some uses of fusion? | Fusion requires very high temps where matter exists as plasma. |
| Define alpha radiation. | Consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source. An alpha particle has two protons and two neutrons and has a double particle charge. Uranium-238 & Thorium-234 alpha particle. |
| Define beta radiation. | Is an electron that results from breaking apart of a neutron in an atom. Neutron breaks into a proton which stays in the nucleus. Carbon-14 (radioactive) & Nitrogen-14 (stable) beta emission. |
| Gamma radiation. | A high energy photon emitted by a radioisotope is called a gamma ray. The photons are electromagnetic energy. Has no mass and no charge. |
| List the strength of alpha, beta, and gamma. | Alpha-can be stopped by a piece of paper, human skin, weakest. Beta-can be stopped by aluminum, slightly stronger than alpha. Gamma-can be stopped by lead, strongest. |
| Define half life. | A half life (t1/2) is the time required for one half of the nuclei of a radioisotope to decay to products. Half of the existing radioactive atoms have decayed. Forms a new element. Can be a second or billions of years. |
Created by:
CoraEvelynnBaker
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