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Iseel Espinoza - ana

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QuestionAnswer
What structural feature of the alveoli makes gas exchange efficient? Alveoli have extremely thin walls (one cell thick) and are surrounded by capillaries, allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse quickly between air and blood.
How does asthma structurally affect the bronchioles? Asthma causes inflammation, smooth-muscle tightening (bronchoconstriction), and excess mucus, narrowing the airways and limiting airflow.
What is the main structural role of surfactant in the alveoli? Surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveoli from collapsing during exhalation.
What fetal heart structure allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium before birth? The foramen ovale, which bypasses the non-functioning fetal lungs.
How do the parathyroid glands help maintain calcium homeostasis? They release parathyroid hormone (PTH), which raises blood calcium by stimulating bone breakdown, increasing intestinal absorption, and reducing calcium loss in urine.
What structure prevents the trachea from collapsing during breathing? C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage keep the trachea open and maintain airflow.
Why are newborn heart murmurs common in the first 24 hours? The fetal shunts (foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus) are still in the process of closing, which can temporarily create extra turbulence in blood flow.
Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin and helps regulate sleep cycles? The pineal gland.
How does the diaphragm contribute to inhalation? It contracts and moves downward, increasing thoracic cavity volume and allowing air to flow into the lungs.
How does the lymphatic system help protect against infection? Lymph passes through lymph nodes where immune cells filter out bacteria, viruses, and other harmful particles.
Created by: iseel26
 

 



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