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Anatomy 2

CH. 6-12

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between axial and appendicular muscles? Axial muscles support and move the head, neck, and trunk; appendicular muscles move the limbs and stabilize the pectoral/pelvic girdles.
Name two major axial muscle groups. Muscles of the head/neck (facial expression, mastication) and trunk (abdominal wall, erector spinae).
Give examples of appendicular muscles. Deltoid, biceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus.
What are the two main types of nervous system cells? Neurons (signal transmission) and neuroglia (support, protection, nourishment).
What are the three functional types of neurons? Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons (integration).
Name one function of astrocytes. Maintain blood-brain barrier and regulate nutrient exchange.
What structures make up the CNS? Brain and spinal cord.
What structures make up the PNS? Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia
What are the divisions of the ANS? Sympathetic (“fight or flight”) and parasympathetic (“rest and digest”).
What are the five special senses? Vision, hearing, taste, smell, equilibrium.
What is the role of the endocrine system? Secretes hormones to regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis.
Which gland is considered the “master gland”? Pituitary gland.
What are the four chambers of the heart? Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
What is the primary function of red blood cells? Transport oxygen via hemoglobin.
What are the three main types of blood vessels? Arteries, veins, capillaries.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system? Return interstitial fluid to blood, absorb fats, and aid immune defense.
What are lymph nodes responsible for? Filtering lymph and housing immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages).
What are the two types of immunity? Innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific, memory-based).
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? Gas exchange—oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
What structures make up the upper respiratory tract? Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx.
What structures make up the lower respiratory tract? Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.
Created by: user-1989117
 

 



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