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Sara Douglass
wk 6-12 220
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antigens | molecular markers visible to the immune system |
| immunologic competence | immunocompetence- ability to activate an effective response to an antigen |
| nonself | foreign cells or particles have molecules that serve as recognition markers for our immune system. |
| self | Our own cells also have unique cell markers embedded in our plasma membranes that identify each of our cells |
| self-tolerance | The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells |
| innate immunity | it is “in place” before a person is exposed to a particular harmful particle or condition. includes mechanisms that resist a wide variety of threatening agents or conditions, innate immunity is also called non-specific immunity |
| adaptive immunity | involves mechanisms that recognize specific threatening agents then adapt/ respond, by targeting their activity against these agents—and these agents only. it targets only specific harmful particles, adaptive immunity is also called specific immunity. |
| Cytokines | chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, also participate in innate immunity. ex- interleukins (ILs), leukotrienes, and interferons (IFNs) |
| complements | chemicals, in addition to cytokines, play a regulatory role in immunity, other enzymes, and the amine histamine |
| Species resistance | refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism, or species, provide defense against certain pathogens (disease-causing agents). |
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells | Group of lymphocytes that kill many different types of cancer cells and virus-infected cells |
| Phagocytosis | Ingestion and destruction of pathogens by phagocytic cells |
| Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) | Membrane receptors that recognize nonspecific patterns in microbial molecules (not human molecules) and trigger a variety of innate immune responses |
| chemotaxis | mediators are chemotactic factors—that is, substances that attract white blood cells (WBCs) to the area- process by which a cell navigates toward source of the chemotaxin by way of detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) | may occur when the inflammation mediators trigger responses that occur on a body-wide basis. A body-wide inflammatory response may manifest with a fever and an abnormally high neutrophil (phagocytic WBC) count. |
| FEVER | —a state of abnormally high body temperature, result from a “reset” of the body’s thermostat in the hypothalamus, which temporarily in-creases the set point or target temperature to a higher than normal value. |
| macrophage | common type of phagocyte that have grown to several times their original size after migrating out of the bloodstream. |
| dendritic cel | important type of phagocyte found in many tissues of the body that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin and mucous membranes |
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