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Chemistry Definition

Chemistry Definitions 5th Year Sep-Dec

TermDefinition
Atom The smallest part of a substance, which contains the properties of that substance.
Molecule The smallest part of a substance, which can exist independently
Element A pure substance that contains only one type of atom
Atomic Number The number of protons, which can be found in the nucleus
Mass Number The number of protons+neutrons which are found in an atom
Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but a different mass number due to the different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Principle Quantum Number The main energy level number
Ground State The lowest energy level available to the electrons when they are filling orbits
Excited State When electrons receive energy they are raised to a higher energy level which is temporary and unstable
Energy Level The discrete amount of energy that an electron has in its orbit
Atomic Orbital The space (region) around the nucleus of an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle It is impossible to measure both the velocity and the position of an electron the same time
Sigma Bond End on overlap of atomic orbitals
Pi Bond Sideways overlap of orbitals
Single Bond One sigma bond
Double Bond One sigma bond plus one pi bond
Triple Bond One sigma bond plus two pi bonds
Sub-level A sub division of the main energy level consisting of one or more orbitals of the same energy
Ion A charged atom, which has lost or gained electrons
Ionic Bond A bond formed between two oppositely charged ions when one atom donates electrons from one to the other
Covalent Bond A bond formed between two or more atoms which share electrons
Octet Rule Atoms tend to undergo chemical changes in order to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in their outer energy level
Electronegativity A number that expresses the relative attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Polar Bond A covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons is attracted more to one atom than the other
Created by: user-2006067
 

 



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