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Chap 6 Vocab Pt 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fluid mosaic model | The model of a cell membrane as two dimensional fluid of mixed composition. |
| Homeostasis | A process in which organisms keep their internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding appropriately to change |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; a response to the difference in solute concentration between the fluids on either side of the membrane |
| Selective permeability | A characteristic of a cell membrane in which some substances are able to cross iyt more easily than others |
| Adhesion proteins | Fasten cell membranes together and hold them in place; they stay organized |
| Receptor proteins | They trigger a change in the cells activities in response to a stimulus or signaling molecule |
| Transport proteins | They move specific substances across the bilayer |
| Enzymes | Proteins that help catalyze chemical reactions in cells; can speed up a reaction with being changed by it |
| Diffusion | The spontaneous spreading of molecules or atoms through a fluid or gas |
| Passive transport | A membrane-crossing mechanism that requires no energy input |
| Active transport | Energy-required mechanism in which a transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane against the solute's concentration gradient |
| Cellular respiration | A process that harvests energy from an organic molecules to store it in the usable form of ATP |
| Electron transport chain | The final step of aerobic respiration which produces most of the ATP |
| Fermentation | The anaerobic glucose-breakdown pathway that produces ATP without the use of electron transfer chains |
| Photosynthesis | A biological process that captures light energy and transforms it into the chemical energy of organic molecules, which are made up of carbon dioxide and water |
| Glycolysis | A set of reactions that convert glucose to two pyruvate for a net yield of two ATP and two NADH |
| Krebs cycle | A pathway that harvests energy from acetyl-CoA; part of aerobic respiration; also called citric acid cycle. |
| Anaerobic respiration | Cellular respiration that uses a molecule other than oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain |
| Aerobic respiration | Cellular respiration that uses a molecule of oxygen |
| Chemosynthesis | A process by which sugars are made by organisms that use chemicals as an energy source rather than sunlight |
| Light-dependent reactions | The first stage of photosynthesis that requires the presence of light |
| Light-independent reactions | The second stage of photosynthesis that does not directly require sunlight |
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