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Jamie Y8 Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A person pushing a box across the floor is transferred to the box and the floor = warm. What happens to energy | It is conserved |
| What is the product of force and distance | work |
| How does a machine help make work easier | It can apply a greater output force over a greater distance compared to the input force and distance. |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a pully that changes only the direction of the load and not the effect force | 1.0 |
| The arm is an example of a simple machine, what part of the machine is the (a) hand (b) forearm and (c) elbow | a = load, b = fulcrum and c = lever |
| What is needed for work to be done? | A force must cause an object to move along the same direction as the force |
| A machine has an efficiency of 80%. How much work must be done on the machine so to make it do 50,000 J of output work? | 50 000 / 0.8 = 62500 J (where 0.8 = 80/100) |
| If the kinetic and potential energy in a system are equal, then the potential energy increases. What happens as a result? | Energy of motion (kinetic energy) decreases |
| What is the source of almost all energy on Earth? | the sun |
| Which two types of potential energies would be types of mechanical energies? | elastic and gravitational energy |
| When a spring is compressed, the energy changes from kinetic to potential. Which best describes what is causing this change? | Work |
| Kinetic energy formula | Kinetic Energy = 1/2 MV squared |
| Adita lifts a book from the floor, carries it across the room, and places it on a high shelf. When is Adita doing work on the book? | She does work as she picks up the book and as she lifts it to the shelf. |
| Which set of terms best defines what affects kinetic energy and potential energy, respectively? | velocity, height |
| A powered winch is used to pull a sailboat to shore. The winch uses a 900 W motor. If the motor is used for 30 s, how much work does it do? (Power: P = W/t) | 27000J |
| Which simple machines make up a wheelbarrow? | a wheel and axle and a lever |
| Seema knows the mass of a basketball. What other information is needed to find the ball’s potential energy? | acceleration due to gravity and the height the ball reaches |
| What is the unit of measure for energy? | joules |
| How does using a ramp make work easier when loading a piano onto a truck three feet above the ground? | It allows a smaller force to be applied over a longer distance. |
| Which refers to the ratio of output force to input force of a machine? | mechanical advantage |
| What kind of energy transformation takes place when wind spins turbines | kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy |
| When a person strikes and lights a match, potential energy in the match is transformed into which types of energy? | thermal and radiant |
| Which simple machine is best used to split apart an object? | a wedge |
| When Javier touches a hot mug of tea, energy is transferred from the surface of the mug to his hand. What kind of energy is this? | thermal |
| Which is occurring when work is being done? | Energy is being transferred. |
| Which of these indicates that a liquid has transferred thermal energy to the air? | The liquid decreases in temperature, and its particles lose kinetic energy. |
| Which best describes convection? | It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid. |
| In what state can convection not occur | solids |
| Which of these results in kinetic energy of an object? | motion |
| A stovetop burner on medium reaches 95°C. Which will also receive a flow of heat directly from the burner? | the surrounding air |
| Heat transfer between two substances is affected by specific heat and the | amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances. |
| Which material most likely gets the warmest when placed in the Sun? | brown mulch or black t-shirts |
| Conduction | is the transfer of heat through direct contact |
| Convection | is the transfer of heat through circular movement of hot and cold liquids or gasses |
| Radiation | the transfer of heat through air radiation |
| A scientist designed a foam container to help keep frozen foods from melting. Which best explains how the foam works? | It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container. |
| Which describes how radiation moves? | Radiation moves from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| Which shows the formula for converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit? | °F = (9/5 × °C) +32 |
| Which refers to the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature? | heat |
| Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or ___________ due to the movement of particles. | thermal energy |
| The movement of radiation from the sun to the earth is through | electromagnetic waves |
| A student heats a liquid on a burner. What happens to the portion of liquid that first begins to warm? | It becomes less dense. |
| Which material is typically used as a thermal insulator? | foam |
| Carmen is heating some water and trying to measure the temperature of water using a Celsius thermometer. Which measurement can she expect once the water begins to boil? | 100° C |
| The air above a wildfire has what type of heat transfer? | convection |
| Nuclear reactions in a reactor produce a lot of thermal energy. That energy then flows and warms up water, which boils and produces steam. The steam then turns turbines that generate electricity. | Heat flows from the reactor to the water. |
| A thermogram taken outside a house shows high amounts of thermal energy around the windows but not around the roof. | The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is energy efficient. |
| What happens when the thermal energy of a substance increases? | Both the motion of the particles in the substance and the temperature of the substance increase. |
| The readings on a themometer are | based on a scale of degrees C or degrees F |
| Which substance will heat the fastest, the substance with the lowest or highest specific heat capacity | lowest |
| How does radiation help treat cancer? | It heats up the cancer cells and weakens them. |
| A student places a large pot of cold water on a stove and heats it for one minute. Then she takes the pot of water off the burner and places it on the counter. Which best describes the convection currents? | After the stove is turned off, convection currents continue to transfer energy through the water for a period of time. |
| What do digital signals turn sounds into? | zeros and ones |
| Which two animals use echolocation? | bats and dolphins |
| Which equation should be used to calculate the speed of a wave? | speed = frequency x wavelength |
| Sound Wave A is moving through a medium that is decreasing in temperature. Sound Wave B is moving from a liquid to a gas medium. | They will slow down. |
| When sound is created, it travels to the ear through a | medium |
| Henri draws a wave that has a 4 cm distance between the midpoint and the trough. Geri draws a wave that has an 8 cm vertical distance from the trough to the crest. | Henri’s wave and Geri’s wave have the same amplitude and the same energy. |
| Which example would contain only longitudinal waves? | an ultrasound that transmits soundwaves |
| Atomic bombs send out a shock wave when they are detonated. This occurs because the bomb’s detonation superheats the air particles nearby, which cause them to bump into other air particles that further the wave. | They are mechanical waves. |
| Which best describes what occurs when an object takes in a wave as the wave hits it? | absorption |
| What is occurring when two waves traveling along the same medium meet and cancel each other out? | destructive interference |
| Which types of waves requires matter to carry energy? | mechanical waves only |
| Sound waves are produced when something is caused to | vibrate. |
| Which refers to the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a second? | frequency |
| Which statement best describes how waves carry energy? | Energy moves from one place to another through the wave. |
| The frequency of a wave does not change as it passes from one medium to another. What will most likely happen if a light wave moves from the air into a solid? | The speed of the light wave will decrease. |
| What will occur when the trough of Wave A overlaps the crest of Wave B? | Destructive interference will occur, causing the new wave to have less energy than Wave A or Wave B. |
| Which best describes the order of the technology used to transmit a sound through the radio? | microphone → transmitter → radio |
| An ultrasound tech is trying to identify an object, but the screen of the machine is broken. Which statement best describes this situation? | The machine can process echoes into images, but with the broken screen, they can't be displayed. |
| What do diffraction and refraction have in common? | They both involve wave interactions. |
| Which of these objects would most likely cause a sound wave? | a hammer hitting a metal cup |
| Sound waves move the slowest through which medium? water, ice, air or wood | air |
| What is the relationship between amplitude and wave energy? | The lower the amplitude, the lower the energy, the higher the amplitude the higher the energy. |
| Which of these would most likely cause a sound wave? cookies baking, milk standing in a bottle, a spoon hitting the side of a bowl, butter melting? | a spoon hitting the side of a bowl while mixing |
| What do we call the space between two magnets? Current, magnetic field, solenoid or force on wire? | Magnetic field |
| The earths magnetic north pole is close to the earths geographic _____________ pole | south pole |
| In a movie, a character cuts a wire, which stops the countdown timer of a bomb. What does cutting the wire do to the circuit? | It opens the circuit so that electric charges do not flow to the timer. |
| What do batteries do in a closed circuit? | The provide electrical energy |
| Ohm’s law describes the relationship between which quantities? | current, voltage, and resistance = Equation: V = IR (voltage = current X resistance) |
| How are the current and resistance related when the voltage of a circuit is constant? | The current is cut in half when the resistance doubles because they are inversely proportional. |
| What type of current does a wall clock, TV remote control and Portable music player use? AC or DC | DC = Direct current |
| What is common between friction and conduction of electricity? | Electrons move between objects |
| What causes the poles of the electromagnet in an audio speaker to repeatedly switch directions? | a current that rapidly switches direction |
| A coiled wire that carries an electrical current, is surrounded by a . | magnetic field |
| Nina is working with electricity and shortens the wires through which the current is flowing. What is Nina most likely trying to accomplish? | decrease resistance |
| Cora, an electrician, wraps a copper wire with a thick plastic coating. What is she most likely trying to do? | keep a current from passing out of the wire |
| How does increasing the distance between charged objects affect the electric force between them? | The electric force decreases because the distance has an indirect relationship to the force. |
| What is the resistance of a clock if it has a current of 0.30 A and runs on a 9.0-V battery? | 30 ohms - use formula V= IR |
| What is required for an electric charge to flow through a wire? | a difference in electric potential |
| Aretha measures a circuit at 110 V and 240 . Using Ohm’s law, what can she calculate for the circuit? | current |
| Georgia moves an unattached piece of wire back and forth over a magnet. Which best explains what will happen? | A current will not be induced because the wire is not part of a closed circuit. |
| Which device manages the flow of current in an electric circuit? | the switch |
| What is an advantage of series circuits? | Adding more batteries will increase the current. |
| Which will a positively charged object attract? | an object that has a negative charge |
| Which parts of an electric generator are connected? | the armature and axle |
| An object that is made of which material is likely to be attracted to a magnet? | nickel, copper, iron |
| Potential difference is measured in which units? | volts |
Created by:
Sisterannetteanderson