What is the functional difference between axial and appendicular muscles? Axial muscles stabilize and move the head, neck and trunk, while appendicular muscles control movement of the limbs and girdles.

Sarcomere; The functional contractile unit of a muscle fiber, made of actin and myosin filaments that shorten during contraction.

What are the three main functional classifications of neurons? Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons (association neurons)

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ); The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber where acetylcholine triggers muscle contraction.

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? To regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Myelin Sheath; A fatty covering around axons that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

What structure protects the brain by preventing harmful substances from entering its tissue? The blood-brain barrier. (BBB)

Synapse; The junction where neurons communicate using neurotransmitters; can be electrical or chemical.

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in communication? The endocrine system uses hormones with slower, longer-lasting effects; the nervous system uses rapid electrical impulses.

Hypothalamus; The endocrine-nervous system link that regulates temperature, hunger, hormones, and autonomic functions.

What causes the first heart sound ("lub")? Closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves at the beginning of ventricular systole.

Baroreceptors; Pressure-sensitive sensory receptors in arteries that help regulate blood pressure.

Why are the capillaries ideal for gas and nutrient exchange? They have thin, one-cell-layer walls that allow efficient diffusion between blood and tissues.

Hematopoiesis; The formation of blood cells, occurring mainly in red bone marrow.

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? To return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune surveillance through lymphocytes.

Lymph node; a small lymphatic organ that filters lymph and houses immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages.

How do vaccines strengthen the immune system? They expose the body to antigens, allowing the adaptive immune system to create memory cells for faster future responses.

Alveoli; Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

What is the major muscle responsible for normal quiet breathing? The diaphragm, its contraction increases thoracis volume and draws air into the lungs.

Surfactant; A substance produced by type ll alveolar cells that reduces surface tension and prevents lung collapse.

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Jessica Rivera Donis

Anatomy weeks 6-12

Question/answer	Term/Definition
What is the functional difference between axial and appendicular muscles? Axial muscles stabilize and move the head, neck and trunk, while appendicular muscles control movement of the limbs and girdles.	Sarcomere; The functional contractile unit of a muscle fiber, made of actin and myosin filaments that shorten during contraction.
What are the three main functional classifications of neurons? Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons (association neurons)	Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ); The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber where acetylcholine triggers muscle contraction.
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? To regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.	Myelin Sheath; A fatty covering around axons that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
What structure protects the brain by preventing harmful substances from entering its tissue? The blood-brain barrier. (BBB)	Synapse; The junction where neurons communicate using neurotransmitters; can be electrical or chemical.
How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in communication? The endocrine system uses hormones with slower, longer-lasting effects; the nervous system uses rapid electrical impulses.	Hypothalamus; The endocrine-nervous system link that regulates temperature, hunger, hormones, and autonomic functions.
What causes the first heart sound ("lub")? Closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves at the beginning of ventricular systole.	Baroreceptors; Pressure-sensitive sensory receptors in arteries that help regulate blood pressure.
Why are the capillaries ideal for gas and nutrient exchange? They have thin, one-cell-layer walls that allow efficient diffusion between blood and tissues.	Hematopoiesis; The formation of blood cells, occurring mainly in red bone marrow.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? To return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune surveillance through lymphocytes.	Lymph node; a small lymphatic organ that filters lymph and houses immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages.
How do vaccines strengthen the immune system? They expose the body to antigens, allowing the adaptive immune system to create memory cells for faster future responses.	Alveoli; Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.
What is the major muscle responsible for normal quiet breathing? The diaphragm, its contraction increases thoracis volume and draws air into the lungs.	Surfactant; A substance produced by type ll alveolar cells that reduces surface tension and prevents lung collapse.

Created by: Jaylove2710

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: