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Organic Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
organic (orgánico) something that has carbon and hydrogen together; from living things (algo que tiene carbono e hidrógeno juntos; viene de seres vivos)
inorganic (inorgánico) something that does NOT have carbon and hydrogen together (algo que NO tiene carbono e hidrógeno juntos)
molecule (molécula) a group of atoms joined together (un grupo de átomos unidos entre sí)
atom (átomo) the smallest part of an element (la parte más pequeña de un elemento)
carbon (carbono) an element found in all living things (un elemento que se encuentra en todos los seres vivos)
hydrogen (hidrógeno) a common element in living things and water (un elemento común en los seres vivos y en el agua)
macromolecule (macromolécula) a very large molecule made of many small parts (una molécula muy grande hecha de muchas partes pequeñas)
carbohydrate (carbohidrato) a sugar or starch that gives quick energy (un azúcar o almidón que da energía rápida)
lipid (lípido / grasa) fat or oil that stores energy (grasa o aceite que guarda energía)
protein (proteína) a molecule that builds body parts like muscle and skin (una molécula que forma partes del cuerpo como músculos y piel)
nucleic acid (ácido nucleico) DNA or RNA; holds genetic information (ADN o ARN; guarda la información genética)
sugar (azúcar) a simple carbohydrate that gives fast energy (un carbohidrato simple que da energía rápida)
starch (almidón) a complex carbohydrate found in bread, pasta, and rice (un carbohidrato complejo que se encuentra en pan, pasta y arroz)
monosaccharide (monosacárido) a simple sugar with one ring (un azúcar simple con un solo anillo)
disaccharide (disacárido) a sugar with two rings (un azúcar que tiene dos anillos)
polysaccharide (polisacárido) a carbohydrate made of many sugars (un carbohidrato hecho de muchos azúcares)
glucose (glucosa) a simple sugar used by cells for energy (un azúcar simple que las células usan para energía)
fructose (fructosa) a sugar found in fruit (un azúcar que se encuentra en las frutas)
fiber (fibra) a type of carbohydrate that helps digestion (un tipo de carbohidrato que ayuda a la digestión)
fat (grasa) a type of lipid found in butter, meat, cheese (un tipo de lípido que se encuentra en mantequilla, carne y queso)
oil (aceite) a liquid fat (una grasa líquida)
wax (cera) a solid lipid used for protection (un lípido sólido que se usa para protección)
fatty acid (ácido graso) part of a lipid molecule (parte de una molécula de lípido)
glycerol (glicerol) the part of a lipid that connects fatty acids (la parte del lípido que conecta los ácidos grasos)
triglyceride (triglicérido) three fatty acids + glycerol (tres ácidos grasos más glicerol)
saturated fat (grasa saturada) a fat with only single bonds (una grasa que tiene solo enlaces simples)
unsaturated fat (grasa insaturada) a fat with one or more double bonds (una grasa que tiene uno o más enlaces dobles)
insulation (aislamiento) keeping the body warm (mantener el cuerpo caliente)
amino acid (aminoácido) the small building block of proteins (la parte pequeña que forma las proteínas)
dipeptide (dipéptido) two amino acids together (dos aminoácidos juntos)
polypeptide (polipéptido) many amino acids together (muchos aminoácidos juntos)
enzyme (enzima) a protein that speeds up reactions (una proteína que acelera las reacciones)
hormone (hormona) a chemical messenger in the body (un mensajero químico en el cuerpo)
antibody (anticuerpo) a protein that helps fight illness (una proteína que ayuda a combatir enfermedades)
muscle (músculo) body tissue that helps you move (tejido del cuerpo que te ayuda a moverte)
cell membrane (membrana celular) the border around a cell (el borde alrededor de una célula)
DNA (ADN) the molecule that holds genetic information (la molécula que guarda la información genética)
RNA (ARN) the molecule that helps make proteins (la molécula que ayuda a producir proteínas)
nucleotide (nucleótido) the small building block of DNA and RNA (la parte pequeña que forma el ADN y el ARN)
genetic information (información genética) instructions for how the body grows (instrucciones para cómo crece el cuerpo)
double helix (doble hélice) the twisted-ladder shape of DNA (la forma de escalera torcida del ADN)
base (base) a chemical letter in DNA or RNA (una “letra” química en el ADN o ARN)
adenine (adenina) a base in DNA (una base que está en el ADN)
thymine (timina) a base in DNA (una base que está en el ADN)
cytosine (citosina) a base in DNA (una base que está en el ADN)
guanine (guanina) a base in DNA (una base que está en el ADN)
uracil (uracilo) a base in RNA (una base que está en el ARN)
dehydration synthesis (síntesis por deshidratación) building molecules by removing water (formar moléculas quitando agua)
hydrolysis (hidrólisis) breaking molecules by adding water (romper moléculas añadiendo agua)
bond (enlace) a connection between atoms (una conexión entre átomos)
reaction (reacción) a chemical change (un cambio químico)
nutrition label (etiqueta nutricional) information about nutrients in food (información sobre los nutrientes en un alimento)
protein (proteína) nutrient that builds body parts (nutriente que forma partes del cuerpo)
fat (grasa) lipid stored in food (lípido que está en los alimentos)
carbohydrate (carbohidrato) sugars and starches in food (azúcares y almidones en la comida)
sugar (azúcar) simple carbohydrate (carbohidrato simple)
Created by: awstromberg
 

 



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