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unit 3- AP gov
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Proportional system | awards legislative seats to each party in proportion to the total number of votes it wins in the election |
| Winner-Take-All Electoral System | Party that receives one more vote than the other party wins the election |
| National Convention | Held Every 4 yrs –Nominate Pres. & VP –Write Party Platform |
| the democrats were originally the - | anti-federalists |
| the republicans were originally the - | federalists |
| Types of Third parties include: | Splinter/Bolter parties (Bull Moose), Ideological (Socialist; Libertarian; Green), Single-issue, Protest Party |
| third parties are: | –Safety valve for discontent –Voice for the fringe/ underrepresented –Spoiler candidates •Ralph Nader -Force major parties to deal with certain issues l“Barometers of change” |
| Plurality Districts | Candidate who receives a plurality is winner Plurality: Highest Percentage (Majority: over 50%) |
| barriers of 3rd parties | Republicans & Democrats make the election laws and rules for debates (Ex: 3rd Party candidate must poll at 15% to be included in Presidential debates) and their ideas are stolen |
| pros of 3rd parties | Allow for greater diversity of opinion and force major parties to deal with issues •Multi-parties work in other countries •Provide useful solutions to single issue problems |
| cons of 3rd parties | Might be comprised of political extremists •May exhibit strong anti-Democratic tendencies •May adversely impact elections and produce outcomes against popular sentiment |
| party realignment | a state changes its political standing (all red or blue) |
| critical elections examples: | Nixon election, Abe Lincoln, Andrew Jackson |
| New deal realignment - | groups that were once republican shifted to support a democratic candidate and their policies |
| Gerrymandering | manipulation of a districts boundaries in order to increase the influence of a candidate in that state |
| Effects of Divided Government | ↑partisanship = less compromise •Impact of gerrymandering? |
| Legislative Gridlock | •Can’t get anything major passed |
| Caucus (only 6 states) | Party members coming together to discuss and debate who would make the best candidate; then vote for who they want to represent the party |
| Primary | People vote directly for a candidate on ballots; delegates then selected accordingly. |
| Closed primary : | Must register with party ahead of time |
| Open primary: | Choose on day of which party’s nominees you will vote for |
| Primary Season - | February - June |
| FECA –Federal Election Campaign Act | Federal Elections Commission (FEC) –Set contribution limits on donations –Allowed Political Action Committees (PACs) •Limits on collections, donations, and ads –Soft money loophole- not given directly to the candidate (Ad does not say “vote for” .. |
| Buckley v. Valeo | Spending is free speech –Issue advocacy is allowed –No limits on candidate spending on their own campaigns –Maintained donation limits |
| Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) a.k.a McCain-Feingold | Increased contribution limits –Banned “soft money” (reaction to FECA) –Allowed 527s or PACs, with limits Stand by your ad requirement |
| McCutcheon v. FEC | struck down the overall limits on the total amount an individual may contribute to all federal candidates, political parties, and Political Action Committees (PACs) |
| Rucho v. Common Cause | The Supreme Court decided that federal courts cannot rule on whether a voting map is an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander. |
| Baker vs Carr | that federal courts have the authority to hear cases challenging the drawing of legislative districts. |
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