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Medicine management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medicine | a substance or combination of substances intended to treat, prevent or diagnose a disease |
| Generic name | the name of the active ingredient e.g. paracetamol |
| Brand name | name invented by the manufacturer, used when marketing the medicine e.g. Calpol and nurofen |
| Side effect meaning | A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment E.g. codeine can cause constipation, antibiotics can cause diarrhoea |
| Interaction Types | A particular way in which drugs or other substances may affect each other drug-condition, drug-drug, drug-food |
| Contra-indications | A condition or circumstance that suggests or indicates that a particular technique or drug should be not be used as it may cause harm. E.g. certain drugs must be avoided in pregnancy due to risk of harm to the foetus or in kidney/liver failure |
| Tablets | the active ingredient is combined with another substance and pressed into a round or oval solid shape |
| Capsules | the active part of the medicine is contained inside a plastic shell that dissolves slowly in the stomach. Some can be taken apart and mixed with food. Dietary choices - capsule not always vegan/vegetarian |
| Liquids | the active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take and/or better absorbed. may also be called a 'mixture', 'solution' or 'syrup'. May be errors with dosage because of residue |
| Drops | often used where the active part of the medicine works best if it reaches the affected area directly such as the eye, ear or nose. Write date when opened and check storage |
| Topical | creams, locations or ointments applied directly onto the skin or external mucous membranes; the active part of the medicine is mixed with another substance, making it easy to apply to the skin |
| Inhalers | medicine is released under pressure directly into the lung. Some people, especially young children may need to use a 'spacer' device to take the medicine properly |
| Suppositories | the active part of the medicine is combined with another substance and pressed into a 'bullet shape'. inserted into B |
| Injections | the introduction of a liquid containing a medicine into a person's body using a needle and a syringe |
| Different types of injections | Subcutaneous (SC) injections given just under the surface of the skin Intramuscular (IM) injections given into a muscle Intravenous (IV) injections given into a vein |
| what are Routes of Administration | The various ways that a drug can get into the body Important to understand why different drugs are administered via different routes with each having own advantages and disadvantages |
| Oral Route | Most common means of administering meds, swallowing the drug the same way we would food |
| Oral Route A and D | A - Low cost A - Easy to use A - Versatile D - The destructive nature of the GI tract D- Food D- First-pass metabolism - the liver doesn't start to interact with it before it reaches the site |
| Subcutaneous Injection A and D | A - Bypasses first-pass metabolism - once its in its in A - Can be self-administered e.g. insulin A - Predictable rate of absorption D- Discomfort D - Local effects |
| Subcutaneous Injection | Injected into the subcutaneous fat layer that lies underneath the skin and above the muscle |
| Intramuscular Injection | - Injected into the muscle - Smaller range of drugs given by this route such as immunisations and antipsychotics |
| Intramuscular Injection A and D | A - Deep injections A- Bypasses first-pass metabolism - once its in its in D - Training required D - Unpredictable rate of absorption |
| Intravenous Injection | Drugs administered directly into the blood supply either through a needle or, more usually, a cannula Used when we need to get something into the blood quickly or when other routes not possible eg antibiotics, strong painkillers or replacement fluids |
| Intravenous Injection A and D | A - Fast acting A- Bypasses first-pass metabolism D - Training required D - High cost D - Access - people might refuse, those without cognitive ability might not understand it needs to stay in D - Risk of toxicity D- Risk of infection |
| Inhalation | Delivering drug to tissues of the lung especially when treating respiratory diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Inhalation A and D | A - Rapid onset D - Technique - time needs to be spent with patient so they understand how to take the inhaler correctly |
| Topical A and D | A - Local effect with reduced systemic effect or side effect D - Difficult to regulate dosage - hard to measure '1 drop' as quite subjective on size of drop |
| Transdermal | Administered via patches which contain a reservoir of a drug that slowly seeps out and passes through the skin into the body Should be moving sites Write down where the patch is May be administered by SN under supervision |
| Transdermal A and D | A- Easy to administer A - Predictable rate of absorption A - Absorption D - Slow onset of action D - Can be indiscreet D - Effect of heat on absorption |
| Sublingual/buccal | Administered by being placed underneath tongue or in buccal cavity and allowed to dissolve |
| Sublingual/buccal A and D | A - Bypass first-pass metabolism A - Fast acting D - Dose restriction |
| Rectally | - Placing them in the rectum as a suppository or enema - Route is commonly used to administer analgesics, anticonvulsants and laxatives - Make sure with women that it goes in the right place |
| Rectally A and D | A - Bypasses first-pass metabolism A - Accessibility D - Inconsistent rate of absorption D - Can be viewed as distasteful |
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user-2004250