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1st RA terms
all the terms needed to know and understand for the 1st MCQ exam on 11/24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute language | describes someone or something as having a quality that lacks degrees; absolutes express the idea that someone or something possesses a quality that cannot be more or less. Help convey confident tone, self assured, and strong. |
| Ad hominem fallacy | meaning "against the person" an ad hominem fallacy is a part of argumentation, it attacks the character of a person of a person who conveys that other side of the argument |
| Allusion | a figure of speech making an indirect reference to something commonly known in literature or culture in general. as a literary tool ppl use this to compare things and appeal to an audiences emtions |
| Anadiplosis | The repetition of the last word from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next |
| Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Pointing out similarities in things to make concepts more comprehendible or familiar |
| Anecdote | a brief narrative usually about one person or a specific group of people offered in a text to capture the audiences attention. encourages an emotional state in the audience |
| Antiphrasis | Irony of one word often derisively through patent contradiction. this type of irony is detected through context |
| Argumentum ad baculum | the fallacy committed when one appeals to a false or perceived the threat of force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion. (argument based on false or perceived threat) |
| Bandwagon fallacy | an argumentative fallacy where language is used to appeal to everyone's sense of wanting to belong or be accepted. "everyone does this, so you should too" |
| Concession | it is the act of acknowledging or admitting the validity and/ or verity of a point made by an opposing viewpoint, even if unwillingly or grudgingly |
| Cumulative structure | beginning with an independent clause and then finishing with a series of modifying phrases |
| Either-or fallacy | when language is used to suggest there are only two sides to an issue. its a fallacy bc most issues are more complex than just seeing it from two sides |
| Generalization | a broad generalization takes in everything and everyone at once , allowing no exceptions. (unfair conclusions about a whole grp of ppl bc one or two ppl did something out of the ordinary) |
| Hyperbole | an exaggeration or embellishment for effect or to make a point (i could eat a horse) |
| Imperative sentences | sentence that gives direct command to someone |
| Inclusive language | language that seeks to reach out to include others into a group |
| Metaphor | implied comparison between two unlike things that does not use the word like, as, so, or, than |
| Periodic structure | a sentence beginning with a series of subordinate modifying phrases and clauses, often creating a crescendo effect, and then ending with a forceful independent clause |
| Slippery slope fallacy | an argument that assumes that one action will lead to another similar action that in turn will lead to another and to another, resulting in something undesireable |
| Superlatives | this adjective takes a comparison to the highest degree; i am the most brave |
| Syllogism | a series of statements where a logical conclusion is drawn from undeniable truths |
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