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Bio Unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Freidrich Meischer | nuclein |
| Fredrick Griffith | transformation of bacteria |
| Oswald Avery | DNA causes transformation |
| Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase | DNA is not protein |
| Erwin Chargaff | base pairings A=T, C=G |
| Rosalind Franklin | used xray diffraction to get the very first pic of DNA, photo 51 |
| Linus Pauling | triple helix |
| Maurice Wilkins | shared photo 51 with Watson and Crick |
| Watson and Crick | double helix |
| hydrogen bonds occur | between the bases |
| where is DNA located in prokaryotes | cytoplasm |
| where is DNA located in eukaryotes | nucleus |
| how is DNA copied in prokaryotes | a single strand is copied and it continues in two directions |
| how is DNA copied in eukaryotes | it happens in the 5-3 direction at replication forks |
| semiconservative reproduction | there is a leading strand that runs in the 5-3 direction and then there is another strand that lags behind, this saves energy for the cell |
| helicase | unzips the DNA |
| binder proteins | keep the strands seperate |
| RNA primase | sets down the RNA primer |
| DNA polymerase | adds nucleotides to the primer and then proofreads it |
| DNA ligase | attaches the Okazaki fragements and everything to the backbone |
| stages of DNA replication (steps 1-5) | helicase unzips the DNA, binding proteins keep them seperate, RNA primase sets down the primer, RNA polymerase adds nucleotides and proofreads it |
| stages of DNA replication (stages 6-8) | leading/continuous strand keeps going from 5-3, discontinuous synthesis produces Okazaki fragments, RNA ligase binds the Okazaki fragments and backbone |
| genes | coded DNA, controls the production of proteins |
| DNA can be decoded by- | making it into RNA |
| what are the three types of RNA | tRNA mRNA and rRNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA, helps decode |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA, makes proteins, in the ribosome |
| tRNA | tranfer RNA,makes sure the correct amino acid goes with the correct protein |
| transription | copies DNA to mRNA, occurs in nucleus |
| translation | translating mRNA into amino acids/proteins, occurs in ribosome |
| introns | DNA that is not needed |
| exons | DNA that codes for proteins |
| codons | groups of 3 bases that code for amino acids |
| start codon | AUG, methionine |
| what does the central dogma have in it | DNA strand, mRNA, and proteins/amino acids that make up proteins |
| gene regulation | the ability to control what your genes express and that they all stay accurate |
| mutation | any change to the genetic code |
| what are the two types of mutations | DNA mutations and chromosomal mutations |
| point mutation(DNA) | where there is only one base that is changed |
| insertion (DNA) | extra base added to sequence |
| substitution DNA) | a different amino acid |
| deletion (DNA) | a base is removed |
| frameshift (DNA) | adding or subtracting a NUCLEOTIDE |
| deletion (chrom) | chromosome is deleted |
| duplication (chrom) | extra copies of parts |
| inversion (chrom) | chromosome is inverse |
| translocation (chrom) | a part of a chromosome is moved to somewhere else in the chromosome |
| mutagens | what causes mutations |
| three main causes of mutagens | high temps, radiation and chemicals |
| body cells (somatic cells) | they do not cause mutations |
| sex cells | the cells that can pass on mutations |
| stop | nonsense |
| silent | there is a mutation but it still ends up coding for the same thing |
| missense | amino acid is wrong |
| the transcribing enzyme is | RNA polymerase |
| which molecule contains the genetic code | DNA |
| the genetic code is overlapping | false |
| the polypeptide chain is the ______ structure of the protein | primary |
| If the mRNA sequence has fewer bases than the DNA sequence, why is that | the introns were removed, only the exons code for protein |
Created by:
I'mtheAlpha