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pharmacology 11

TermDefinition
pineal gland Controls the release of melatonin, a hormone that makes people feel drowsy, in addition to regulating body temperature and hormone secretion. sunlight is external time cue
sleep stage 1 easily awakened; sudden contractions of limbs may occur
sleep stage 2 eye movements stop; brain activity decreases
stage 3/4 deep sleep; if awakend person feels disoriented
Rapid eye movement REM/ stage 5 sleep cycle where dreaming occurs
16 hours per day the amount of sleep infants need
9 hrs the amount of sleep teenagers require
5-8 hrs the amount of sleep aduts require
elderly sleep sleep for shorter time span, sleep more lightly and dream less
Ropinirole + pramipexole medications used to treat restless leg syndrome
transient insomnia lasts less then 7 days
short term insomia last up to 3 weeks
long term insomia lasts longer then 3 weeks
Benzodiazepines - epam - olam used to treat insomia reduces neuronal excitability by opening calcium channels
Zoplicone (imovane) + eszopiclone (lunetsa)s Cyclopyrrolone derivatives work by modulating the GABA A receptor chloride channel to reduce neuronal activity. - adverse effect: sedation, dizziness, tolerance/dependence, bitter/metallic taste
Diphenhydramine (Nytol, Unisom, Sleep-eze) OTC Dugs used for short term insomia relief
amphetamine, methylphenidate stimulants used to treat narcolepsy
modafinil (altertec) nonamphetamine stimulant used to treat narcolepsy and sleep apnea MOA not known/believed to stimulate alpha adrenergic receptor sites causes tolerance/ dependnce / insomia/ stimulation
sympathomimetic drugs mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system ex amphetamine, methylphenidate
hyperactive-impulsive inattenttive combined three subtypes of ADHD
genetic component of ADHD 25% genetic
environmental /nutritional risk factors of ADHD alcohol/smoking during pregnancy high levels of lead based paint leaded gasoline food additives/ sugar
amphetamines used to treat ADHD decreases hyperactivity and improves focus stimulates release of norepinephrine/dopamine blocks monoamine oxidase
atomexatine (strattera) non ampetamine stimulant used to treat ADHD inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine
adderall (mixed salts of amphetamine amphetamine stimulant used to treat ADHD
Biphentin, concerta and ritalin methylphenidates used to treat ADHD
Vyvanse lisdexamfetamine
dexedrine dextroamphetamine
guanfacine (intuniv XR) non stimulant used for ADHD selective adrenergic receptor agonist
amphetamine syndrome drug induced psychosis/ adverse effect of amphetamine
warning labels of ADHD DRUGS take with food may be habit forming swallow whole
ambien (zolpidem) Sedative-hypnotics used to treat insomia
Created by: user-1991937
 

 



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